Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)

The hieroglyphic name
of Alexander III

Alexander III the essential (d. c. 323 B.C.E.) Conqueror of Egypt in 332 B.C.E. and the ruler of the known world in his era. He was the  3rd king named Alexander in Macedonia, the son of Philip of Macedonia and Queen Olympias of Epirus. Born in Philips capital, Pellas, in 356  B.C.E., Alexander was tutored for 3 years, from the age of 13 to 16, by Aristotle. The great philosopher was at Alexanders face when the young prince taken the Macedonian throne in 336  B.C.E. Alexander had likewise been trained in military arts, in holding with the Macedonian tradition.

Statue of Alexander III

Two years later, Alexander gone a campaign against the  Persian  Empire  and  in  November  333  B.C.E., the Macedonian king and his wondrously taken army attempted the Persians assistant King Darius III Codoman at Granicus and  Issus. The  Persians  should  have  gained  the  battle  of Issus,  but  Macedonian  resolve  and  Alexanders  military insightfulness  insured  the  victory  for  the  Greeks.  Darius  III tried to make peace, but Alexander denied and went to Phoenicia,  where  he  conquered  the  city  of  Tyre  in  332. His get of this key situation ended Persias might on the Mediterranean coast. Alexander then conquered Palestine and  introduced  the Nile Valley.  In  the  light  of  332  B.C.E., Alexander entered Egypt, taking the territory as a full and worthy  prize. The  Persian satrap on the Nile stood  for a time  but  then  surrendered Egypt to the young conqueror. Aware of the fact  that  the Egyptians attended upon him as just another foreign tyrant, Alexander  courted  them  by  practicing their own sacred mechanisms. He went to the famous Oasis of Siwa in the Libyan Desert, where he called the Oracle of Amun. This was a shrine  sacred  to  the god Amun, who spoke to believers and  gave  responses  to  interviews  about  religious and state things. Alexander was held the true ruler of Egypt at Siwa Oasis, and word of Amun's recognition spread quickly throughout the land.

He cemented this acclamation by going to Memphis, the ancient capital, to be royal in the traditional manner, including the seal of approving of the Souls of Pe and the Souls of Nekhen. Throughout Egypt rumors spread that Alexander was the son of Nectanebo II, the ruler of Egypt  from  360  to  343  B.C.E. Queen  Olympias  was described as having had an affair with Nectanebo II, with Alexander leaving from their love. Alexanders Egyptian can  name  was  Mery-amun-Setepenre,  translated  as idolized of Amun, Chosen by Ra.

Alexander likewise founded a new capital for the Land of the  Two  Kingdoms  at  the  situation  of  a  small  village  addressed Rakhotis,  on  the  shore  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  This city, Alexandria, would become one of the major cultural centers  of  the  world  during  the  Ptolemaic  and  Roman Periods. Alexandria was based in the western Nile Delta and was supplied with an offshore causeway, connected to a small island to offer safe harbor for trading ships. In the spring of 331 B.C.E., Alexander debouched of Egypt,  leaving  two  Greek  governors  in require, Ptolemy  and  Cleomenes.  Cleomenes of Naukratis, a Greek  resident  of  Egypt,  shortly  took  charge  of  functions, completing Alexandria. Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, abode his time but had his own dreams for Egypt, getting Ptolemy I Soter. As  they  consolidated  Macedonian  control  over  Egypt,  Alexander  met  Darius III  at Gaugamela and  defeated him  once  again.  Darius  fled but  was  executed  by a  gone  ally.  Alexander conquered Babylon,  Ecbatana,  Persepolis,  and  Susa,  the important  Persian cities, and then marched  on  Medea.  He took  the  title  of  Basileus, the  great King, and entered India in 326 B.C.E.

His death in Babylon in June  323  B.C.E. begun a titanic struggle for control of his vast empire. Ptolemy I taken  Egypt  for  himself.  In a bold take, he and a picked cohort of vets rode hard to the north to tap  the  massive  funeral  advancement of Alexanders rests. He had been embalmed in honey and placed in a large  mausoleum on wheels  so  that  his consistence  could  be saw  and  publicly  venerated  by the people of his conquered field as he progressed toward the royal burial reason  in  Macedonia. Ptolemy I and his men  seized the body and set off for Alexandria, where the vanquisher was  put  into a crystal  coffin.  Alexander  the  important  was then reportedly buried under the joint of the Canopic Mode and the street of the Soma in Alexandria city.

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