King Semerkhet

Authenticity of King Semerkhet:

King Semerkhet ruled 18 years according to Manetho Africanus, and Piccione put the years between 2897 and 2889 to his reign. Semerkhet was the 6th king of the first Dynasty. He was the son of Queen Betrest and her wife King Adjib, and for unknown causes, just reigned for 8 years. Egyptologists discovered identical little, keep for a black stela with Semerkhet's name cut up on it. King Semerkhet was the 5th regent in the 1st dynasty, and he had he brusquest time on the throne, 8 and a half years. We recognize this for a fact because his accomplished reign is certificated on the Cairo Stone in the Egyptian Museum. Unfortunately the entries from every year are only about ceremonials of unlike sorts and don't record any historical consequences. Theories about his authenticity to kingship proposing that he was an supplanter has been bring up by scholars because he had the use of reprocessing his predecessor's goods. At the cemetery at Abydos aims from King Anedjib age (and grave) was discovered in Semerkhet's where he had effaced the original name and superseded it with his own. In a varnish from his heir his name is composed in the line with the other kings, apprisal that he was recognized as a pharaoh leastwise by his follower, who was his son. A year mark from Semerkhet reign was discovered in his follower's tomb at the re-excavation in the mid 1990 brought in by the [German Institute of Archaeology] in Cairo. 
 
The Tomb of Semerkhet:
 
Semerkhet's tomb in Abydos displays a new boast: retainers' tombs attached at once to the thick walls of his own, and a door bewitch rather so a staircase conducing to the tomb chamber. This entails that the all building was bred by the same superstructure, arguing that the considerations were buried at the like time, and thus credibly sacrificed to the accolade of their headmaster. Amongst the extending good was discovered ten vessels spelt from Palestine when it was dug up by English Egyptologist Petrie in 1901. The extraneous trade was conserved during his rule, but never accomplish the height it had on the middle of the dynasty. 

North Saqqara Tomb:
 
The only aim of content to have endured from Semerkhet's rule is a black granite funeral stela ascertained by his tomb in 1898. It had primitively consisted to a pair raised external his monument, a custom from the very commencing of the dynasty. King Semerkhet is the first king who doesn't have a mastaba tomb from his time at North Saqqara, and it's expected that his high officials endured his short rule and kept serving the following monarch. Leastwise one of them is cognised by his nominate "minister Henuka".  

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King Anendjib

The Origin of the Name of King Anendjib:

King Anendjib ruled about 26 years from 2949 to 2897. Anedjib was the 5th king on the first dynasty. Anendjib held Memphis as his capitol city passim his fourteen years of reign. Anedjib's crown acquitted the symbols of both Upper and Lower Egypt, a histrionics of the conjugation of the country under his power. Historians, even so, incertitude that Anedjib actually ascertained the north, due to the fact that the northerly Nomes arose against him perpetually throughout his rule. His wife Queen Betrest was the mother of King Semerkhet, who was his heir. The queen allowed Anedjib with authenticity and power as she was a descendent from the Memphite royalty. Anedjib is a ruler that not so much is acknowledged about. He was as well named Enezib and Merbiapen and reigned from Memphis. Concording to Manetho (Af.) who called him Miebidos, his rule was twenty-six years. He could have bear on power by union to queen Betrest of the Memphite royal family and in this encase he wasn't son of king Den. 

Where was the Name of King Anendjib Found?
 
A dispute between the Lower Egyptian classes and the south appears to have been impermanent solved by Anedjib whose name is the first of totally kings in the Saqqara list. Perhaps he was the first king not to be forthwith related the Thinis line of pharaohs. Yet the theory that he was an supplanter (or his heir was) and was not accredited by all his generation, has some essence, because his memorials were advisedly outraged by his contiguous follower on the throne. His name in a serek has been deleted and the new king's put there alternatively in a lot stone vessels found at Saqqara. Rather than there his name has just been discovered in two other locates in Egypt: Abydos and Helwan, and away its borders perhaps at En Besor in southern Palestine. 
 
Was the Reign of King Anendjib a Period of Social Disquiet and Political Imbalance?
 
At Saqqara a big mastaba, credibly for his prime minister, brought out a new architectural building within when it was apprehended out in the 1950s. In counterpoint his possess tomb in Abydos was a blunt small building (image right) so were the courses of 64 satellite tombs. This high up number assures that though is rule appears to have been a step backward for the country in general (home conflict?) the king's power all over the common man* was unploughed. The engrave chamber even held divisions of the wooden floor after 4.500 years. Maybe attempting to constitute himself as the true king boilersuit Egypt he assumed a new entitle [The Two Lords]. He thereby credibly underlined his chore not put anybody in favour of the of the deities Horus and Set whose assistants obviously had dissevered the country spiritually and made more or less social disquiet and political imbalance. This carried on well in to, and even to the end of the next dynasty. His power all over the south was disputed by local folks and the northern nomes were frequently disaffected. Many stone targets have shown that the habit of building statues of the pharaoh had already started. They describe king Anedjib as a statue assuming various apparels, and these likely stood in another temples. 

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Scorpion II

The Name of the Scorpion:

Appoint some of the times displayed as Selq, just it is not displayed in a serekh, as other pharaohs of the era were shown. The activeness movie The Scorpion King, asterisking The Rock, is fancy, naturally; but there's so rather a bit of valid certify for an Egyptian king who's generally named [Scorpion], established on the delineation of a scorpion mark with his portrayal on a macehead. The person depicted is a king, posted on the demonstration of the figure with the White Crown of Upper Egypt and the sizing of the anatomy towering over consultants and attenders. Of course, the macehead is only a fragment, and there is some dispute over whether the sign of the Scorpion is entailed as a name, or if the king is another early dynastic king and the scorpion mark is some sort of title or has some other entailing. There's a big, many-roomed tomb in Abydos (B50) that has been described as dwelling to the “Scorpion Pharaoh”, while no absolute evidence has been discovered. 
 
Is the Scorpion King a Mythical Name?
 
A late article in the New York Times has deposited that the Scorpion Pharaoh engaged war against Naqada (the most former Egyptian culture) about 3250 BCE. This is established on a series of inscriptions named the Scorpion Tableau. The heaviest thing about accommodating the existence of a maybe mythic [Scorpion King] is that his name doesn't seem in a serekh – a stylised pre-cartouche cleared by a falcon – as do the names of the other pharaohs of predynastic period and I. Generally, these early kings were acknowledged only by their “Horus Name”, a formalistic king-name that was exposed in the serekh. But these real early kings frequently were recognized only by a single signifier, [Crocodile, Scorpion, Falcon, Bull]. Even the long-familiar Narmer was called 'Catfis'. It has been recommended that Scorpion may have been a conclusion contemporary of Narmer, founded on the similiatires of the maceheads and palette ascribed to them. Scorpion was calculated to come from Hierakonpolis, a contending city to This, which bred the 1st dynasty Pharaohs. AT the time, they might have been the bag cities for contending bosses. Some serekhs have been discovered on pottery and vases that are construed by some as being Scorpion. Yet, these have likewise been record as beonging to other Pharaohs (Aha and still Crocodile) and it's potential that these marks don't even defend the Pharaohs totally. He could have come from the royal family of Hierakonpolis, besides from This, the ancestry city of the Thinite dynasty from wherefrom came his later heir Narmer, the Pharaoh Catfish. Maybe This and Hierakonpolis each were the centres of equal chiefdoms, and when Scorpion’s rule finished, This acquired an uncontested attitude as autonomous of Egypt. 
 
Narmer and Scorpion:
 
Maybe Narmer was the first king who in reality ruled undisputed throughout the country. Founded on Scorpion’s evident association with Hierakonpolis and from the stylistic similarities between his macehead and the palette and macehead ascribed to Narmer, the 2 rulers might good have been close coevals. Mace heads were discovered in the 1980s in the Main depository inside the old temple of Heirakonpolis. The macehead indicates the king with the white crown. It has been translate to show a mark of a scorpion ahead of the ruler, though this is a originative recording of the macehead. A crocodile’s tail attending down may rather link this macehead with a former ruler. It is imaginable that this king and the tomb purportedly consisting to Scorpion I are for the same man, besides an earlier person with the equal name. 

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