Manetho

Manetho composed the "Aegyptiaca" (History of Egypt) in which he divided the rulers into dynasties (or ruling families) which makes the footing of the modern organization of dating Ancient Egypt. We do not live his clean Egyptian name but it is much indicated that the name Manetho comes from the titles "beloved of Thoth" "Truth of Thoth" or "Gift of Thoth" (although "Beloved of Neith" or "Lover of Neith" are besides hinted along with the footing of "groom/horseherd" and the phrase "I have witnessed Thoth"). The earliest reference to his name is in the processes of Josephus Flavius in which he is named Manethon.

It is loosely agreed that was born in Sebennytos (in the Delta) in the 3rd Century B.C. and was a Graeco-Egyptian priest in the Temple of Ra Heliopolis durting the resign of Ptolemy I Soter and/or Ptolemy II Philadelphus. He had access to some sources which no longer exist (such as temple records), but likewise included legends and fanciful stories. As a result, you have to have some of his levels with a pinch of salt.

No full copies of Manetho's text rest, we only have short departments of text and a few characters in the writings of Josephus Flavius (basic century A.D.), Sextus Julius Africanus (third century A.D.), Eusebius of Cesarea (3rd/4rth century A.D) and George Syncellos (a Byzantine historian from the 8th century A.D). None of these textbooks are contemporary, and his writings were used and abused by scholars in a long running contention between proponents of Egyptian, Jewish and Greek histories tough over which civilization was the best and the oldest. As a result, our noesis of his original text is limited, and coloured by the feeling of the authors who concerned to him.

Recent Posts:

·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet
·        Kafr Hassan Dawood
·        Nebertcher
·        Neberu
·        Achoris (Hakor)
·        Actium
·        Kemanub

Kemanub

Kemanub, or Kemanweb, was a royal woman of the Twelfth Dynasty She  was credibly  the consort of Amenemhet II (1929-1892 B.C.E.). Kemanub was forgotten in Amenemhet II's mortuary temple  at  Dashur, entombed  in  the  main social system  there. Her coffin was a  single  proboscis  of  a  tree, dug out and inscribed.

Recent Posts:


·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet
·        Kafr Hassan Dawood
·        Nebertcher
·        Neberu
·        Achoris (Hakor)
·        Actium

Actium

Actium was a  promontory  on  the  western  coast  of Greece at the entrance to the Ambracian Gulf is where a decisive battle for ensure of Egypt and the Roman empire occurred  in  31  B.C.E. Octavian,  the  future  Augustus, met  Marc  Antony and Cleopatra VII (5130  B.C.E.) at Actium.  Antony  was  encamped on  the  place,  and  the  naval battle  that  took  set  outside  of  the  gulf  allowed  the name for the battle. Octavians 400 ships frustrated the 500 vases of Marc Antony and Cleopatra VII, and they flied to Alexandria. Antony  gave  suicide  right  of Alexandria, and Cleopatra VII, facing immurement and humiliation,  downed  herself  when  the  Roman  forces  started residence  in  the  city  soon  afterwards  the  battle.  Octavian (Emperor Augustus) pioneered an Olympic-style serial of games at Actium to remember his triumph there.

Recent Posts:


·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet
·        Kafr Hassan Dawood
·        Nebertcher
·        Neberu
·        Achoris (Hakor)

Achoris (Hakor)

The hieroglyphic name
of Hakor (Achoris)

Statue of Achoris (Hakor)

Achoris, or Hakor, was a situation located just south of the Faiyum and north  of contemporary Tihna  el-Gebel. The fOld Kingdom (2575-2134  B.C.E.). The  other ruins at Achoris take three small temples and a Greco-Roman necropolis. Achoris was used by Nomarchs of the Fifth Dynasty (2465-2323 B.C.E.).

Recent Posts:

amed Fraser Tombs, rock-cut  grave  enclosing, were named in Tihna  el-Gebel. These see to the

·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet
·        Kafr Hassan Dawood
·        Nebertcher
·        Neberu

Neberu

Neberu was a prince and military official of the Eighteenth Dynasty. He attended Tuthmosis III (1479-1425 B.C.E.) as chief of the royal horse barns, a high-ranking situation in this era of cavalry  units,  military  campaigns,  and  imperial  elaboration. His tomb is in the valley of the queens on the westward side of the Nile at Thebes. The portrayal of him on the lid of  his  coffin  bears  a  big  resemblance  to  Neberus actual mummified continues.

Recent Posts:


·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Vieroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet
·        Kafr Hassan Dawood
·        Nebertcher

Nebertcher

Nebertcher was a divine being of Egypt, trusted to be a personification  of  the  immortals  Re and  Osiris, Nebertcher was  learned  as  embodying  the  eternal  prospects  of  these deities involved in the particular mortuary rituals of the nation.

Recent Posts:


·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet
·        Kafr Hassan Dawood

Kafr Hassan Dawood

The serekh Narmer
from Kafr Hassan Dawood

Kafr Hassan Dawood is the contemporary name for a necropolis situation on the eastern border of the Delta of Lower Egypt in the Wadi Tumilat. The area was surveyed in 1983, and stays were discovered from the Predynastic Period to the Graeco-Roman Period. Kafr Hassan Dawood was excavated by an Egyptian excursion from 1988-1995 and since 1995 by a British-Egyptian expedition, which has uncovered more than 1,000 tombs from the Predynastic Period (Naqada II) to the Early Dynastic Period. These  burial  targets  contain  pottery and stone vessels, and the calls of the kings Narmer and Qaa have been identified.

Recent Posts:


·        Kay
·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life
·        Mandet

Mandet

Mandet was the devoted bark used by the God Ra to climb up as the sun each morning, this pretend vessel had a counterpart, the Meseket, which taken the deity back to earth each even. The solar deities had several much well vessels.

Recent Posts:


·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush
·        The House of Life

The House of Life

The House of Life (Abydos)

The innovations linked with the ancient temples and famous to the Egyptians as per ankh, or "house of life", were nothing less then the forerunners of our contemporary universities, though they probably besides attended as an administrative file away of the temple complex too. They were a central point of absorption for scribes and ancient scholars. We know from documentary show of these creations at Memphis, Akhmim, Abydos, Koptos, Esna and Edfu, though there must for certain have been one situated at Thebes. Nevertheless, archeological evidence of their existence is great, though we have bricks stereotyped with the words "per ankh" that were seen at el-Amarna. The precise kinship between the temple and the "house of life" is not entirely knew, for they certainly also had an important role within the palace court. Some of these innovations may have disciplined somewhat independently, while others may have had a close relationship with the temple composites.

Regardless, the per ankh certainly gone as a scriptorium, where religious and magical texts related with the cult of the gods were written, copied, collated, changed and archived in the linked House of Books (per medjat). numerous of the texts that were created or copied and filed away in the "house of life" were seen devoted as they covered with divinely broken matters, called by the ancient Egyptians, the ba re, meaning the "soul" or "emanation" of Re. All manner of cult text were developed, including mythical and theological accords, texts used in the practices didst at temple rituals and the essential text that would later be inscribed on the the temple fences, obelisks and other architectural ingredients. In this regard, the priests and functionaries of the "house of life" may have even been engaged in a supervisory role with the work of temple crafters.

It may have been in these innovations, from the New Kingdom onward, that copies of the Book of the Dead were produced, perhaps sometimes individually for important individuals, and as templates to be individual later with an individual's name. such books were taken to be divinely inspired in much the same way that the devoted scriptures of our contemporary faiths of today. However, in addition to divine text, it is thought that a break area of the per ankh, or perhaps within a separate building connected to it, temple accounts, contracts, agreement and other temple records were likewise archived, and in fact, all way of secular data may have been stored within these creations.

With his gas that he had studied total the texts of the per ankh in order to find the mysteries of the gods, Ramesses IV means that the institution was reputed a center of learning in every aspect. Perhaps more large, the Priest Pa-ti-Ist , who was took to follow the Pharaoh Pasammetichus (Psamtik) II on this excursion to Syria was told, "Look, you are a scribbler of the House of Life, there is nothing on which you could be queried to which you would not find an answer!" This statement appears to imply a vast reportage of both secular and religious noesis linked with the per ankh.

Indeed, the "house of life" comes out to have not only been a set where religious texts were simulated and archived but too a center for scholarly reading in some fields. It was here that priests and scribblers studied subjects such as writing, art, theology, rites, magic, astronomy, law, mathematics and medicine, among others. And patch there may have been no classrooms, it is potential that children of the royal court and other elite may have got instructions in these fields besides. As libraries, with their wide collecting of knowledge, they became identified throughout the world. For example, in the 2nd Century AD, the checkup writer Galen tells us that Greek physicians called the library of per ankh at Memphis to see from its texts. In fact, there is low doubt that the most famous institution of reading during ancient times, the Library of Alexandria, was stacked after the more ancient per ankh.

Recent Posts:


·        Kay
·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas
·        Viceroy of Kush

Viceroy of Kush

The hieroglyphic name
of Viceroy of Kush

Setau and his wife depicting
in a stella in Louvre Museum

The Kingdom of Kush based in Lower Nubia was a responsibility of Ancient Egypt from the 16th century BCE to eleventh century BCE. During this period, the polity was ruled by a viceroy who reported direct to the Egyptian Pharaoh. It is thought that the Egyptian 25th Dynasty were posterities of these viceroys, and then were the dynasties that ruled independent Kush until the fourth century CE.

Keeper of the  Door to the Southern, this was the title given to the vicereines of Kush (Nubia, now contemporary Sudan). The governors of Aswan carried the same title. The  rulers  of  the 11th dynasty (2040-1991 B.C.E.) and the Seventeenth Dynasty (1640-1550  B.C.E.),  the lines of Inyotefs and the Taos at Thebes bad the same role in their own eras. Holding Upper Egypt as generation of the Delta or northern dynasties, these Thebans  found  as  far  south  as  the  best  cataract of the Nile or beyond.

Recent Posts:


·        Tomb of Nebamun
·        Achaemenes
·        Kay
·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru
·        Achillas

Achillas

Achillas (47 B.C.E.) Military officer of Egypt He helped Ptolemy XIII (51-47 B.C.E.) and was perhaps present when the murder of Pompey the Great taken situation. Pompey had fled to Egypt for safe but was cold on September 28, 48 B.C.E. His lead was reportedly kept  and  presented  as  an  offering  to  Julius Caesar. When  Caesar  engaged  Alexandria, Achillas  was involved  in  a  siege  of  that  capital,  an  offensive  that proved disappointed.

A veteran of many battles, reputable by other military figures, even among his political foes, Achillas ran afoul of Arsinoe (4), the royal sister of Cleopatra VII. Arsinoe was  an  foe  of  Cleopatra  and  Caesar, wanting  the throne of Egypt for herself. She mounted an army to swear her sister and her Roman allies, and she asked Achillas to serve  as  her  commanding  general.  Not  skilled  in  court intrigues  or  in  the  murderous  ways  of  Arsinoe  and  her forerunners, Achillas managed to present and infuriate the princess, who had him fulfilled.

Recent Posts:


·        Musical Tools in Ancient Egypt
·        Queen Kawit
·        Tomb of Nebamun
·        Achaemenes
·        Kay
·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)
·        Nebenteru

Nebenteru

Nebenteru was a priestlike official of the Nineteenth Dynasty. He answered both Seti I (1306-1290 B.C.E.) and Ramses II (1290-1224 B.C.E.) as tight priest of Amun. Nebenteru was a nome patrician who was set high priest in the 17 year of Ramesses reign. He was a falling of the Khety kin of the Ninth and Tenth Dynasties. Nebenterus  son,  Paser (2), became vizier in the  very period. In some listings Nebenteru is simply called Ter. He was the replacement of Nebwenef as high priest.

Recent Posts:


·        Queen Kawit
·        Tomb of Nebamun
·        Achaemenes
·        Kay
·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria
·        Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)

Tjebu (Qaw El Kebir)

Tjebu Location

Tjebu or Djew-Qa, was an ancient Egyptian city placed on the eastern bank of the Nile in what is now Sohag Governorate, Egypt. In Greek and Roman Egypt, its figure was Antaeopolis after its protecting deity, the war god known by the Hellenized name Antaeus. Its contemporary name is Qaw El Kebir.

Several large terraced funerary composites in Tjebu by functionaries of the 10th Nome during the Twelfth and Thirteenth Dynasties represent the peak of non-royal funerary architecture of the Middle Kingdom. Cemeteries of different dates were likewise found in the domain. A Ptolemaic temple of Ptolemy IV Philopator, great and fixed under Ptolemy VI Philometor and Marcus Aurelius, was broken in the basic half of the 19th century. The temple in this town was large, comparatively speakingan 18-column pronaos, with a twelve-column hypostyle hall past the lobby hall, the inner sanctum, and 2 flanking chambers of equal size.

The edifice was paid primarily to "Antaeus", who was a warrior fusion of Seth and Horus. This deity's name is written with an obscure hieroglyph (G7a or G7b in the frequent Gardiner list), which gives no clew as to the orthoepy. modern Egyptologists read the name as Nemtiwey. Nephthys was the great goddess who taken worship in this temple, or perchance in an supporting shrine of her own, as the related female office of Nemtiwey. A Prophet of Nephthys is good for Tjebu. In cliffside quarries not far from the ancient site, visitors can see famous reliefs of both Antaeus and Nephthys. At the same time, the site has again drawn most of its concern since 19th- and early 20th-century archaeologists have took the labyrinth of relatively whole tombs in the dominion.

Recent Posts:


·        Harper's Songs
·        Music in Ancient Egypt
·        Musical Tools in Ancient Egypt
·        Queen Kawit
·        Tomb of Nebamun
·        Achaemenes
·        Kay
·        Devoted Lakes
·        Nebemakhet
·        Kebawet
·        Achaemenians
·        Sanatoria