Pyramid of Queen Inenek-Inti

The Pyramid of Queen Inenek-Inti set to the West of Nebwenets. Somewhat larger than Nebwenets, with its own envelopment wall and its own cult pyramid on the southeast corner

Morturary temple roll about the wast, north, and south sides. Introduced from the north and into a columned courtyard. The pyramid is slenderly larger than Nebwenet, but about the said on the ground floor. Entered from the pavement on the north side below a chapel, with a descnening passage that extends to a chamber. However, the burial chamber is center.

The Pyramid Complex of Pepy I

King Pepy I was the first king of the 6th Dynasty have built his pyramid complex in Saqqara-South. His two immediate precursors, Unas and Teti, had chosen the neighborhood of the Step Pyramid complex of Djoser in Saqqara-North as their last resting place. Pepy chose the high desert to the northwest of the pyramid of Djedkare, of the fifth Dynasty. His pyramid is the northwestern royal monument of Saqqara-South.

The name of this pyramid complex , mn-nfr, "the beautiful memorial" would later be used for the city that lay to the east, and would be established in Greek as Memphis. Structure The Pyramid Complex of Pepy I comprises all the elements that by the sixth Dynasty had already went standard: a pyramid with to the east of it, a mortuary temple and a satellite pyramid and cold to the east a causeway that lead towards a valley temple. In the late 1980's, an enormous hill of debris and rubble placed to the south of the main pyramid was saw by a French team of archaeologists. They found four or maybe even five little pyramids with adjourning mortuary temples that once belonged Pepy I's queens. The queen for whom the southeastern most of these pyramids was built was addressed Nebwenet. She taken the titles 'wanted wife of the king'. The queen of the second pyramid bore the name Inenek/Inti and the third queen, whose figure is not (yet) known bore the titles 'eldest daughter of the king'. A stela written with the name of Meritites, 'daughter of the pharaoh and wife of the king' has led to the find of a 4th pyramid and close a fifth queen's pyramid has been learned.

The Mortuary Temple of Pepy I

Like his pyramid, Pepy I's badly broken mortuary too, was established checking to a standardised ground-plan. After the entrance in the east, a transverse corridor led to clips to the north and south and to a long entrance hall or lobby in the west. The entering hall opened onto a columned open court, to the west of which the alone temple was set. The inner temple has a transverse hall, followed by the five statue niches. To the south of these niches, a room access led to a chamber that gave entree to an antechamber with one unique column in the west. The antechamber leads to the bema by a turn to the west. To the north and south of the five statue niches, the antechamber and the sanctuary were located several magazines. Assorted limestone statues of certain and beheaded enemies, were discovered in this temple. They symbolise the enemies of Egypt -and thus of the king- rendered feeble by their decapitation and may mayhap once have lined the causeway. Similar statues have been found about the complexes of Djedkare, Teti and Pepy II. The causeway itself, alike the valley temple, has never been improved.

Kneeling Statue of Pepy I

Kneeling Statue of Pepy I

The kneeling Statue of Pepy I is a pretty statue, measuring 15.2 by 4.6 by 9 cm, pictures Pepi I offering wine in typical assaulted bowls, presumably to Hathor, whose name is mentioned in the inscription. It is made of schist, with eyes of alabaster and obsidian, inlaid in a copper encasing. A hole in the king's forehead indicates that the statue originally wore a uraeus, maybe made of a more valuable material. The king is represented kneeling, his torso slimly bent forward out of regard for the goddess. His face is depicted with a particular animation and face, wahereas the torso is more colored. An long cartouche, naming the king as the son of Hathor, is engrossed before his knees. The source of the statue, which is on march in the Brooklyn Museum, is unknown. The fact that Hathor is named in the lettering as well as Pepi's known involvement with this goddess's temple at Dendara both make it likely that this statue once supported in the temple of Hathor at Dendara. Indeed, assorted reliefs found throughout the Greek-Roman Period temple of Dendara show statues of Pepi I. More than 2000 years after his prevail, statues of Pepi I adoring Hathor would hence still be piece of her temple's inventory.

The Satellite Pyramid of Pepy I

The Satellite Pyramid of Pepy I is placed at is orthodox place, to the south-east of the main pyramid of king Pepy. Its coming corridor opens onto a high single chamber. The archaeological remains, such as parts of statues, stelae and offering tables, discovered here read that the cult for Pepi I covered to well into the Middle Kingdom. An inscription left behind by Khaemwaset, the illustrious son of the even more known Ramses II, reports how, by his time, this complex had suffered and rotted. Nevertheless, it was this complex that would have its name, mn-nfr, to the nearby city, noted today under its Greek name, Memphis.

Alabaster Statue of Pepy I

Alabaster Statue of Pepy I

The alabaster statue of Pepy I is a high statue about 26 centimetres, now at the Brooklyn Museum. This alabaster statue pictures King Pepy I seated on a throne. The throne itself is very simple and left plain, but it is made to resemble the hieroglyphic that represents the name of the goddess Isis, mother of Horus. The king jades the White Crown of Upper-Egypt and a garment that deals his upper body to his knees. This dress is mindful of the robe the king assumes during the Heb-Sed festival. In his hands, he holds the crook and the flail, additional signs of his royal house. The falcon sat behind him on the back of his throne represents Horus, the god of kingship. The king is therefore established under the security of or even as the enduring shape of Horus.

Copper Statues Pepy I and his son Merenre

Copper Statues Pepy I and his son Merenre

Plausibly the most famous copper artifacts from the Old Kingdom are the huge copper  statue of King Pepy I (sixth Dynasty) and the much earlier statue of his son Merenre, both  turned up by James Quibell at Hierakonpolis, along with the signal gold image of  the god Horus. The statues were made by hammer plates of copper over a woody  core. They were found in a poor state of saving and have never taken proper care  or scholarly care. Large-scale metal statues from the Middle and New Kingdoms are  quite great, as hard stone had become the desired medium.

Grave in metal has been little kept from early periods in Egyptian history and  as a lead we know little about its manufacture. Copper statues of King Pepy I and his son Merenre from the sixth Dynasty present that metal sculpture existed. These examples,  at  least,  were  formed  over  a  awkward  core  rather  than  being  projected.  From the Third Intermediate Period on there is considerable manifest  for  the  process  of  lost  wax  casting in the thousands of close images of deities and sacred animals which abound. 

King Pepy I (2332-2283)

Alabaster vessel show the cartouche name of Pepy I

Late generations venerated Pepy I as one of the good rulers of the Old Kingdom. It is probable that as the son of Queen Iput, he delivered the goods Teti, although another king Usekare comes out to have ruled in brief for a year, perhaps while Iput acted as compelling for her son. Pepy I married 2 sisters who were both discovered Meryreankhnes; one gone the mother of the next king, Merenre, while the second sister developed Pepy II who finally succeeded Merenre. It is in all probability that King Pepy I married the 2nd queen late in his reign, as Pepy II was only a child when he followed to the throne. The sisters came from a non-royal background; they were the daughters of Khui, a stiff hereditary governor of the Thinite nome, and their brother, Djau, became vizier. Earlier custom had involved that the king should marry his hold full- or half-sister, but it was now more important to gain the hold of the powerful rustic nobility.

During this reign, Wenia man of common origin rose to gone a judge, and his inscription from Abydos offers details of the events of his career: as jurist, he heard in private the cases of conspiracy that had happened in the royal harem, one of which implicated a queen of Pepy I. He besides mentions his role in dealing with the incursions by the Beduin on Egypt's north-eastern frontier, indicating that pressures were already constructing up in that region. Later, such harrassment would give to the fall of the Old Kingdom.

King Pepy I constructed a pyramid complex a short distance from Saqqara and although the temple has not been turned up, the pyramid is essential because here, in 1881, Maspero first discovered the prove that the interior walls of the pyramids of the later Old Kingdom were inscribed with the Pyramid Texts. These religious turns, which take place in several pyramids, incorporate the earliest known body of religious and magical texts from ancient Egypt. Other leading building natural actions of the reign included  the  kings  sanctuary  at  Bubastis  in  the  Delta;  also  during  his  rule expeditions were sent to Nubia and Sinai. Towards the end of his reign, it is possible that the king connected his elder son Merenre with him on the throne, leaving an early model of co-regency.

King Userkare (Unknown-2382)

Cartouche of King Userkare

King Userkare is conceived to be the advocator of the group that, leastwise checking to Manetho, murdered Teti. He is mentioned in some king-lists. In the Turin King-list, there is a lacuna between Teti and Pepi I, big enough to have fitted an entering about Userkare. The fact that he is mentioned in several king-lists leads to assume that he was not considered an usurper or an illegitimate king, though. He leastways started or guaranteed some larger building projects, as showed by an inscription observing a workforce. It is not experienced how Userkare's reign ended. If indeed he belonged the party that had Teti cold, than the fact that he was succeeded by Pepi I, a son of Teti, at least indicates that his coup was not successful for long. There has been no pyramid-complex that has been discovered as his.

The name of "Userkare" means: "The Soul of Re is Strong" and is shown within a cartouche in picture right. Notable is that he, who usually is left out of most modern lists of kings, is better good for than one would think. Beside the Turin and Abydos king's lists on that point are other records with his name that have survived. Among them is a hand where workers at Qau el-Kebir (قاو الكبير) south of Asyut in middle Egypt are observed. Maybe they were taken with stone corporate for the king's tomb or new monument. Userkare may have been a surviving claimer of the throne from the fifth dynasty and a rival to Teti for accessing the kingship. Since Manethoo claims that Teti was killed by his bodyguards, theories of confederacy have been put modern that Userkare was the world set, but after a short rule was put out of office by the cold king's son Pepi, the next king to be. But there is a possibility that he became pharaoh because the crown prince was to young and left office when the legitimate heir had gave a proper a e to a ruler himself. But in that face he should not have addressed himself king, but he did. No monuments of Userkare's have bee found and his tomb (pyramid?) is perhaps yet to be found. This lack of essential remains is the spine in the theory that he was a supplanter who was overthrown from the leaders over the Nile Valley. Future finds will hopefully bring light to knowledge about Userkare's deeds.

Pyramid of Iput I

The Pyramid of Iput I

Queen Iput I was the principle queen of King Teti and the mother of his successor, Pepi I. The pyramid of queen Iput I was discovered in the getting of the 20th century. 90 meters northeast of Teti's pyramid Has none valley temple, no causeway, and no cult pyramid The mortuary temple is on the eastern face of the pyramid with an unique floorplan. It was introduced from Teti's pyramid to the south, with 4 limestone pillars and then an lobby with two pillars. An offering hol and niches for statues, which had a false door on the wall lining the pyramid, in look of which was a pink granite change. This is not the only mortuary temple for this queen. Another has been found in Coptos in southwest Egypt. Pyramid has a three step core and an catch on the  north. The pyramid has a ranked shaft from the second layer of the pyramid to the core. It is conceived that the pyramid was originally intended to be a mastaba and later changed into a  pyramid. The inside mastaba section is full that is left. A limestone keeping wall surrounds the full complex. A limestone sarcophagus was found, as long with a cedar coffin and the bones of a middle-aged woman. Other items take canopic jars, gold bracelet, a necklace, alabaster headrestr, a pill, copper utensils. Five canopic jars were got  only four are usual, so the fifth is credibly from another burying.

Pyramid of Khuit

The Pyramid of Khuit was discovered in 1898 by Loret. It was considered to be a mastaba until late. Hawass excaved the site in 1995 and official that it was so a small pyramid. Next to Ipu Is pyramid, north of Tetis complex Mortuary temple to the east wall, although little has been excavated. A sarcophagus and well-built inhumation chamber have been found Original entrance on the northwest in the floor of the courtyard, accessing along coming passage to the burial chamber and to the east the memory chamber.

Teti (2345-2333)

Cartouche of king Teti

The 5th and 6th Dynasties are broken by events which remain apart, but the conveyance of power to King Teti, the first pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty, does not appear to have took a major upheaval or struggle. Indeed, the titles borne by his great queen, Iput, indicate that she carried the royal line from one dynastic family to the next, and it is probable that she was a daughter of Unas, the last king of the Fifth Dynasty. Little further evidence remains of Tetis reign, although foreign contacts were apparently continued with Byblos, Syria and Nubia. The country was stable and affluent and the courtiers kept to build fine tombs around the kings pyramid at Saqqara; one particularly impressive tomb belonged to the vizier Mereruka, who was also the king's son-in-law.

The pyramid was stiff in style; on the inside walls the inscriptions provide a survival of magico-religious texts, which were intended to see the kings safe passage into the next domain and his credence there by the gods. Nearby, he built a pyramid for 2 of his queens, Iput and Khuit. Matching to Manetho, Teti was hit by his escort, although there is no historical corroboration of this argument. He was briefly won by a king named Userkare, and then by Pepy I, his son by Queen Iput.