Famous Pharaohs

Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysius (80-58, 55-51)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy XII

Ptolemy XII
Neos Dionysius

Ptolemy XII was the twelfth ruler of the Ptolemaic Period He dominated from 88 to 58 B.C.E. and from 55 B.C.E. until his last. The son of Ptolemy IX Soter II by a courtesan, he was named Neos Dionysius, the New Dionysius or Nothos, the Bastard. His lasting soubriquet was Auletes, the Flute Player. He was the father of Cleopatra VII. Ptolemy XII constructed at Dendereh and Edfu and freshened up Philae. Much of his life history had been dead in the court of Mithridates VI of Pontus at Sinope. When Ptolemy XI Alexander II gone, he was recalled to Egypt. In 58 B.C.E., Ptolemy XII had to give Egypt because of his less-traveled rule. He was restored by the Roman widespread Gabinus through the intercession of Pompey the Great in 55 B.C.E. Rabirius Postumous afterward handled Ptolemy XII's affairs as a precaution for Romes concerns. Ptolemy XIIs will was deposited in Romes public exchequer and as a result, Pompey gone the shielder of Egypt in 49 B.C.E. Ptolemy XII married his sister, Cleopatra (6) Tryphaina. More Such than 100 running Alexandrian scholars went to Rome to protest Ptolemy XII's reinstatement and his dominate. He was listed in the temple of Kom Ombo.

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Ptolemy XI Alexander II (105-80 BCE)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy XI

Ptolemy XI Alexander II

Later the death of King Ptolemy VIII in 116 BC, Cleopatra III ruled jointly with her mother Cleopatra II and her son Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros). Cleopatra III expelled Ptolemy IX from Alexandria in 107 BC and replaced him as co-regent with her second son Ptolemy X Alexander I. After 6 years of joint pattern, Ptolemy X had his mother Cleopatra III murdered in 101 BC. Ptolemy IX first marital his sister Cleopatra IV, by whom he had leastwise one son, the mother of Ptolemy XII and Ptolemy of Cyprus. Ptolemy IX then marital his sister Cleopatra Selene, the mother of Berenice III. Ptolemy XI was born to Ptolemy X Alexander I and either Cleopatra Selene or Berenice III. His uncle Ptolemy IX Lathryos died in 81 BC or 80 BC, leaving no recognized heir, and therefore Cleopatra Berenice (Berenice III) found alone for a time. Ptolemy XI married Cleopatra Berenice, who was his step mother and half sisters (or possibly his natural mother). However, nineteen days after the marriage, Ptolemy XI dead his bride for unknown argues, an unwise motion since Cleopatra Berenice was very popular, Ptolemy was instantly lynched by the citizens of Alexandria in 80 BCE.

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Ptolemy X (107-88 BCE)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy X

Ptolemy X

Ptolemy X Alexander I was the son of Cleopatra III and King Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physcon. His mother was united to King Ptolemy VIII patch her individual mother was set his official married woman. Cleopatra III took two sons Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II (Lathyros) and Ptolemy X Alexander I and 3 daughters, Cleopatra IV, Cleopatra Tryphaena, and Cleopatra Selene. Upon the death of Ptolemy VIII, his will given the successiveness of the Egyptian throne to Cleopatra III and to whosoever son she preferred. Cleopatra III in reality hated Lathyros and favorite Ptolemy X Alexander, the earliest of her two sons. Unluckily, the citizens of Alexandria preferred Lathyros to be co-regent. At the time, Lathyros was the governor of Cyprus and he was summoned back to Alexandria to grown co-ruler with his mother (106-101 BC). Ptolemy X Alexander I was old sent to Cyprus in Lathyros place in 113 BC.

Lathyros marriage to sister Cleopatra IV, was reversed by his mother and he was married to his smallest sister Cleopatra Selene. Cleopatra IV fled to Cyprus where she tried to raise an army and marry her other brother Ptolemy X Alexander. When her effort to marry her second brother broken, she flew to Syria where she used her army as a portion and married Antiochus IX Cyzicenus who was son of Antiochus Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea. Cleopatra III ne'er changed her head and eventually succeeded in disbelieving Ptolemy IX in 107 BC by accusing him of trying to hit her. Ptolemy IX Lathyros was then special to flee back to Cyprus providing his wife and his two sons behind . It was at this time that Ptolemy X Alexander was mobilized by his mother support to Alexandria from Cyprus and took the throne.

Ptolemy X Alexander I prevailed Egypt jointly with his mother Cleopatra III until her last five years later in 101 BC. Still the publicity of Ptolemy X Alexander never materialized. Eventually he was driven from Egypt by his own cases and died in a naval battle, or perhaps murdered, in 88 BC. Lathyros was worked back to Alexandria to try to supersede together the Ptolemaic Empire. He died at the years of 62 in 80 BC leaving no legitimate heir to the throne, which then gone to his daughter Cleopatra Berenike who found alone shortly before Ptolemy XI, son of Ptolemy X Alexander, was held to marry his stepmother. Clean 19 days after the marraige, Ptolemy XI gone his new wife irritating the people who them stormed the palace and downed him.

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Ptolemy IX Soter II (116-107, 88-81)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy IX

Ptolemy IX Soter II

Ptolemy IX Soter II, byname Lathyrus (expanded 1st century bc), Macedonian king of Egypt (prevailed 116-110, 109-107, and 88-81 bc) who, afterward ruling Cyprus and Egypt in various combining with his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander I, and his mother, Cleopatra III, widow of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, advanced sole rule of the country in 88 and sought to keep Egypt from radical Roman influence while hard to develop trade with the East.

The unusual will of Euergetes II partitioned Egypt's ownership, leaving Cleopatra III as the good ruler of Egypt and Cyprus. Although she favorite his younger brother, Ptolemy Alexander, popular opinion forced the dowager queen to fire him and to associate Ptolemy Soter on the throne with herself. After telling the king in 115 to divorce his stubborn sister-queen, Cleopatra IV, his mother special Ptolemy to marry his younger, more pliable sister, Cleopatra Selene. The next year, later his brother was sent to Cyprus as governor, Ptolemy Soter looked with his mother as joint rule of Egypt. The latent antagonism between the son and his mother finally broken in October 110, when Cleopatra discharged him from Egypt and retrieved his brother from Cyprus. Soter II given in early 109 but was evicted anew by his mother in March of the coming year.

After a reconciliation in May 108 he taken flight a third time and given himself in Cyprus, from where in 107 he invaded north Syria to serve one of the claimants to the Seleucid imperium, while his mother, allying herself with the Jewish king in Palestine, actively aided another Seleucid sham. During the extended war his mother died (101) and Ptolemy X Alexander gone the sole ruler of Egypt, while Soter II remained strong in Cyprus.

After Alexanders unpopularity got him from Alexandria a second time and he perished at sea, Soter returned to resume sole rule over Egypt. Lacking a queen, he got back his brothers widow, who was also his own daughter, Berenice III, and linked her on the throne with himself. Shortly earlier Soters return in 88 a essential native rebellion erupted around Thebes in Upper Egypt. Afterward three years of hard fighting Thebes capitulated and was made in retribution.

Ptolemy Soter refused to make aid to the Romans in the run of their war with Pontus, a Black Sea realm, and after the Roman clear of Athens in 88 the Egyptian rulers assisted rebuild the city, for which commemorative statues of them were erected. Ptolemy IX died in 81, leaving his daughter and widow as his replacement.

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Ptolemy VIII Euergetes (170-163, 145-116)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy VIII

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes was the eighth swayer of the Ptolemaic Period. He prevailed from 170 to 163 B.C.E., and from 145 B.C.E. until his dying. The son of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and likely Queen Cleopatra (1), he was visited Physcon, or Fatty. The Roman Scipio Africanus given him that soubriquet. He ruled for a time with Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra(2) and then established to take control, expelling his brother. Rome settled the spot, and Ptolemy VIII was presented Cyrenaica. At the death of Ptolemy VI, he put his nephew, Ptolemy VII, to death and married Cleopatra (2). He then tied a niece, Cleopatra(3) and aforethought against his first wife, who was frequent.

As a lead of court connive, Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra (3) fled to Cyprus. There they sent for Memphites, a young son of Cleopatra (2), and murdered him. They cut up the body and saved it to Cleopatra (2) as a birthday present. The couple rendered to Egypt c. 118 B.C.E. and sent Cleopatra (2) into exile. She died shortly after, but Cleopatra (3) outlived her husband, who died in 116 B.C.E.

In 118 B.C.E., Ptolemy VIII issued the Amnesty Decree, an drive to put an end to the conflicts between the clear Egyptians and the Greeks. He was considered a somewhat bruising but magnanimous helper of Egyptian temples. At Edfu, he was represented in the company of Egypt's defenders, the goddess Buto and Nekhebet, and his investiture fete was staged there. He is also represented on a wall of Kom Ombo, and he set up a temple at Tod (Djerty), near Erment. Ptolemy VIII developed two Mammisi structures, one at Philae and a support temple of Horus at Edfu.

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Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (d. 144 bc)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy VII

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, (d. 144 bc), younger son and co-ruler with Ptolemy VI Philometor, king of Egypt, whom he followed in 145 bc. Fixed a minor, he was the ward of his mother, who also attended as his co-ruler. He was soon gone by his uncle, Ptolemy VIII, who executed him the following year.

Classical and even contemporary Egyptian germs are confused concerning the placement of Neos Philopator in the royal episode because leastwise one other son of Philometor, likewise named Ptolemy, helped as co-ruler earlier in the rule. Modern scholars have gathered demonstrate to present that Neos Philopator gone co-ruler in 147 bc. Coming his fathers death, he ruled from about July to late August 145, with the support of Cleopatra II. His fathers army, however, had been spread in Syria; and Neos Philopator and his mother delighted only limited support. After the foe factions bid the young kings uncle, Ptolemy VIII, to accept the kingship, Neos Philopator was deponed. He was executed the observing year, after his uncle married his mother.

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Ptolemy VI Philometor (180-164, 163-145)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy VI

Ptolemy VI Philometor

Ptolemy VI Philometor, (in Greek: Loving His Mother) (180-145 bc), Macedonian king of Egypt under whom an set about invasion of Coele Syria ensued in the occupation of Egypt by the Seleucids. Afterward Roman interference and several guesses of joint rule with his brother, however, Ptolemy was fit to reunify his realm.

The son of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Cleopatra I, Ptolemy VI dominated as co-regent with his mother, who, although a daughter of a Seleucid king, did not direct faces in Syria and remained friendly with Rome. Mother and son governed effectively until her death in 176, when Ptolemy fell under the determine of two serious courtiers. About 173 Ptolemy was married to his sister, Cleopatra II. Under his advisors guidance, trainings were made to invade Coele Syria. In 170 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, his brother, was associated on the throne with Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II, and Coele Syria was invaded, but the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV decisively attempted the Egyptians and seized Pelusium, the Egyptian frontier city. Antiochus overrun Egypt in 170 and again in 168, but withdrew under force from the Ptolemies ally, Rome. About October 164 Philometor was discharged from Alexandria by his brother and fled to Rome for support. The Romans thereupon partitioned the Ptolemaic realm, order Euergetes into Cyrenaica and rendering Philometor Cyprus and Egypt.

Euergetes, not complacent with Cyrenaica alone, journeyed to Rome twice to ask for Cyprus also. The Senate finally determined to grant the brothers invite; Philometor, however, simple the Romans by clever diplomacy and in 154 attempted his brother, who set about to seize Cyprus by drive. Nevertheless Philometor restored his brother to Cyrenaica, married a daughter to him, and given him a grain subsidy. In Rome, meanwhile, the Roman statesman Cato the Elder, deploring the continuous intrigues, praised Ptolemy VI as a good and beneficent ruler. At last Philometors kingdom became relatively secure.

In 155, however, the Seleucid ruler of Syria had incurred Ptolemys antagonism by conspiring to seize Cyprus. When a sham, Alexander Balas, appeared, Philometor raced to aid him in 153, and afterwards even gave him a daughter in marriage. About 148, however, the Egyptian king found himself in Syria again when another fraud come along. When Alexander Balas failed in his attempt to have Philometor dead, the Egyptian ruler lent his daughter, Balas wife, on the new fake. Although Ptolemy dependent him, the people of Antioch and the Syrian army asked the Egyptian monarch himself to become their ruler. Ptolemy rejected, but he was soon drawn into a battle in which Alexander Balas was defeated and slain. During the battle Ptolemy fell from his horse and broken his skull, dying a few days later.

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Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205-180)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy V

Ptolemy V

Ptolemy V concerned the throne at the age of five, as the issue of a dynastic fascinate. During his reign the serious native revolts that had broke at Thebes in the time of his precursors, and resulted in the organization of a line of native pharaohs seeing the Theban area, continued. These were broken in 186 BC and Ptolemy V found control of the south, but similar uprisings occurred later in the next century, in 88-86 BC.

In foreign affairs, Egypt gone most of her ownerships in Asia Minor, Palestine and the Aegean, and managed to retain only Cyprus and Cyrene. Ptolemy V took a foreign wife the daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III and she became Queen Cleopatra I.

Building projects at home admitted a chapel for the deified Imhotep on the sacred island of Philae. A Decree (issued on March 27, 196 BC) commemorates the religious ceremonies that occurred at the kings investiture at Memphis, but this has become noted not so much for its substance as for the share that it made to the decoding of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Famous today as the Rosetta Stone (since it was described at Rosetta in 1798), the Decree was written in hieroglyphs, Demotic and Greek; this triple version enabled scholars, who loved Greek, to begin deciphering the related Egyptian scripts.

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Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-205)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy IV

Ptolemy IV Philopator

Ptolemy IV Philopator was the son of Ptolemy III, Ptolemy IV taken the name of Philopator which implies father-loving; corresponding to the custom of this dynasty, he married his sister, Arsinoe III.

He defeated Antiochus III of Syria at the battle of Raphia in 217 BC, after Antiochus had unsafe Egypt's frontier, but this winner may have given to the troubles that he had to face at home. A large contingent of clean Egyptians had agitated well at Raphia, and this victory may have advanced them to got enclosed with nationalistic riots in the region of Thebes. These set about in 207-206 BC, and their aim was to re-establish clear rule in Egypt; to some extent this was reached when, for nineteen years, a line of Egyptian pharaohs assumed some hold which enabled them to rule the Theban territory.

Under Ptolemy IV, problems began which were related with the administration and administration of the country and in following reigns, these troubles would become even more critical.

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