Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)

Alexander Balas

Alexander Balas (Ephiphanes) (fl. second century B.C.E.) King of Syria and Pergamum, modern Turkey He asked Ptolemy VI Philometor (180-164/163-145 B.C.E.) to care him in strong the stays of the crumbled Macedonian Empire. Alexander Balas slew Demetrius I Soter, the heir of the Syrian Seleucid Dynasty. When Demetrius II Nicator, the son of Demetrius I, met Alexander Balas in conflict, he revenged his fathers death. Alexander Balas had kept Egyptian hold and the favourable reception of the Senate of Rome until the fateful battle that ended his life.

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·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus

Alexander Aetolus

Alexander Aetolus was the greek poet of Alexandria. Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 B.C.E.) determined Alexander  Aetolus  as  an  official  of  the  extended Library of Alexandria. The library was an institution noted for its vast archives that involved centuries of world history and the cultural accomplishment of many peoples. His project was to list and catalogue the tragic dramas domiciliate in the library. Alexander Aetoluss compositions are lost, although the title of one of his plays, Astragalistae, or The Dice Throwers, has survived. Alexanders closer poetic works are noted in  modern times only by fragments that have gone over the centuries.

Recent Posts:



·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep

Neferhotep

Neferhotep (Twelfth Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, c. 1850 BC) was a harpist employed in the household of Iky, the Overseer of Priests at Abydos. He was grossly fat; in one of his two surviving stelae, which were let to be placed in Ikys cenotaph, he is shown reach forward, in gluttonous anticipation, for the important pile of fruits, meat and sweetmeats which have been provided for his afterlife.

He has a second stela which gives an penetration into the course of a small Egyptians life around the start of the second millenary BC. Neferhotep was provided with the stela, which calls on the gods to be merciful to him, by his idolized friend, the Carrier of Bricks, Nebsumenu. The stela itself has been carved, not especially skilfully, by The Draughtsman Rensonbs son Sonbau.

Neferhotep is shown playing for the pleasure of his employer and his wife on their funerary stela. The offerings piled before them must have been a sore temptation.

Recent Posts:



·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh

Khepresh

The hieroglyphic
name of Khepresh

khepresh was an ancient Egyptian royal headdress. It is likewise noted as the blue crown or war crown. New Kingdom pharaohs are often drawn wearing it in battle, but it was also frequently worn in ceremonies. It practiced to be called a war crown by many, but modern historians refrain from defining it thus.

No khepresh has been saw. located on ancient artistic representations, some Egyptologists have pondered that the khepresh was made of leather or tightened cloth addressed with a precise arrangement of hundreds of sequins, discs, bosses, or rings. Another opening is that the khepresh was braided like a basket, as the deshret (red crown) is noted to have been, from plant fiber such as grass, straw, flax, ribbon leaf, or reed. The regular array of circles on near and sculpted depictions of the crown may be an artistic idea of the hexangular holes in an open triaxial weave.[citation needed] As with many other royal crowns, a uraeus (cobra) was hooked to the front of the khepresh.

Tthe blue crown
of Egypt (Khepresh)

The Blue Crown, or War Crown, was described in hieroglyphs. The earliest known mention of the khepresh is on the stela Cairo JE 59635 [CG 20799] which dates to the dominate of pharaoh Neferhotep III, during the Second Intermediate Period. In this and other instances from the same era, the word is written with a determining that represents the cap crown, a lower and less close typecast of crown. Pictures of the khepresh from the dominate of Ahmose I, first king of the New Kingdom and the Eighteenth Dynasty, show a headgear that is taller than the cap crown and more angular than later forms of the khepresh. This crown continued to produce during the early Eighteenth Dynasty, attaining its best-known form in the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III.

The Khepresh
of Tutankamun

Amenhotep III wearing
the khepresh crown

After Amenhotep III's prevail  and peculiarly during the 18th and 19th Dynasties it came into fashion and was even took by some pharaohs as a essential crown. The crown ceased to be showed in the Kushite Dynasty (747 to 656 BCE).

During the New Kingdom, pharaohs were established with this crown in military portions. However, some scholars think that the crown was likewise meant to evoke the divine power of the pharaoh, and was thereby worn to religiously situate kings as manifestations of gods on earth.

Recent Posts:



·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)

Alexander IV (323-311 BC)

The hieroglyphic
name of Alexander IV

Alexander IV (323-311 BC) was the ruler of Egypt and son of Alexander the extended He was the son of Alexander III the important and Rox- anne and ruled Egypt from 316 B.C.E. until his death. Alexander IV took the throne name Haa-ibre Setep-en-Amun, translated as Ra Heart Rejoices, Chosen of Amun. Alexander IV was born after the death of his father in 323 B.C.E. His uncle Philip III Arrhidaeus, reportedly a somewhat disputed half brother of Alexander the extended,  ruled  from 323 to 316  B.C.E., when he was murdered.

Alexander IV in a Coin

Ptolemy I served as satrap or regulator of Egypt for both Philip and Alexander. Roxanne, as queen, belike held  the post of regent for her son. In 304 B.C.E., Cassander, the Macedonian General of Europe, gone Alexander and Roxanne. Queen Olympias, the mother of Alexander the great, fell to the collaborators of Cassander at the like time. The royal house of Macedonia had been destroyed.

Recent Posts:



·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh

Khepesh

The hieroglyphic
name of the Khepesh

Khepesh, the hooked sword used by the Egyptians in military causes in the New Kingdom (1550-1070  B.C.E.), the arm was  Hyksos in origin, entered by the Asiatic invaders.

Khepesh as a cow's thigh

Recent Posts:



·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)

Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)

The hieroglyphic name
of Alexander III

Alexander III the essential (d. c. 323 B.C.E.) Conqueror of Egypt in 332 B.C.E. and the ruler of the known world in his era. He was the  3rd king named Alexander in Macedonia, the son of Philip of Macedonia and Queen Olympias of Epirus. Born in Philips capital, Pellas, in 356  B.C.E., Alexander was tutored for 3 years, from the age of 13 to 16, by Aristotle. The great philosopher was at Alexanders face when the young prince taken the Macedonian throne in 336  B.C.E. Alexander had likewise been trained in military arts, in holding with the Macedonian tradition.

Statue of Alexander III

Two years later, Alexander gone a campaign against the  Persian  Empire  and  in  November  333  B.C.E., the Macedonian king and his wondrously taken army attempted the Persians assistant King Darius III Codoman at Granicus and  Issus. The  Persians  should  have  gained  the  battle  of Issus,  but  Macedonian  resolve  and  Alexanders  military insightfulness  insured  the  victory  for  the  Greeks.  Darius  III tried to make peace, but Alexander denied and went to Phoenicia,  where  he  conquered  the  city  of  Tyre  in  332. His get of this key situation ended Persias might on the Mediterranean coast. Alexander then conquered Palestine and  introduced  the Nile Valley.  In  the  light  of  332  B.C.E., Alexander entered Egypt, taking the territory as a full and worthy  prize. The  Persian satrap on the Nile stood  for a time  but  then  surrendered Egypt to the young conqueror. Aware of the fact  that  the Egyptians attended upon him as just another foreign tyrant, Alexander  courted  them  by  practicing their own sacred mechanisms. He went to the famous Oasis of Siwa in the Libyan Desert, where he called the Oracle of Amun. This was a shrine  sacred  to  the god Amun, who spoke to believers and  gave  responses  to  interviews  about  religious and state things. Alexander was held the true ruler of Egypt at Siwa Oasis, and word of Amun's recognition spread quickly throughout the land.

He cemented this acclamation by going to Memphis, the ancient capital, to be royal in the traditional manner, including the seal of approving of the Souls of Pe and the Souls of Nekhen. Throughout Egypt rumors spread that Alexander was the son of Nectanebo II, the ruler of Egypt  from  360  to  343  B.C.E. Queen  Olympias  was described as having had an affair with Nectanebo II, with Alexander leaving from their love. Alexanders Egyptian can  name  was  Mery-amun-Setepenre,  translated  as idolized of Amun, Chosen by Ra.

Alexander likewise founded a new capital for the Land of the  Two  Kingdoms  at  the  situation  of  a  small  village  addressed Rakhotis,  on  the  shore  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  This city, Alexandria, would become one of the major cultural centers  of  the  world  during  the  Ptolemaic  and  Roman Periods. Alexandria was based in the western Nile Delta and was supplied with an offshore causeway, connected to a small island to offer safe harbor for trading ships. In the spring of 331 B.C.E., Alexander debouched of Egypt,  leaving  two  Greek  governors  in require, Ptolemy  and  Cleomenes.  Cleomenes of Naukratis, a Greek  resident  of  Egypt,  shortly  took  charge  of  functions, completing Alexandria. Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, abode his time but had his own dreams for Egypt, getting Ptolemy I Soter. As  they  consolidated  Macedonian  control  over  Egypt,  Alexander  met  Darius III  at Gaugamela and  defeated him  once  again.  Darius  fled but  was  executed  by a  gone  ally.  Alexander conquered Babylon,  Ecbatana,  Persepolis,  and  Susa,  the important  Persian cities, and then marched  on  Medea.  He took  the  title  of  Basileus, the  great King, and entered India in 326 B.C.E.

His death in Babylon in June  323  B.C.E. begun a titanic struggle for control of his vast empire. Ptolemy I taken  Egypt  for  himself.  In a bold take, he and a picked cohort of vets rode hard to the north to tap  the  massive  funeral  advancement of Alexanders rests. He had been embalmed in honey and placed in a large  mausoleum on wheels  so  that  his consistence  could  be saw  and  publicly  venerated  by the people of his conquered field as he progressed toward the royal burial reason  in  Macedonia. Ptolemy I and his men  seized the body and set off for Alexandria, where the vanquisher was  put  into a crystal  coffin.  Alexander  the  important  was then reportedly buried under the joint of the Canopic Mode and the street of the Soma in Alexandria city.

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·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes

Neferheteperes

Neferheteperes  was a princess (Queen?) of 4th Dynasty, Old Kingdom (2566-2558 BC). She was the daughter of King Djedefre, the replacement of King Khnum-Khufu. It has been pondered that she was also a queen, the mother of King Userkaf, the break of the Fifth Dynasty, whose mother bore the same name. If this were the face, she would be particularly significant in the promotion of the solar faith, which gone markedly more essential in the Fifth Dynasty under the influence of the priests of Heliopolis. A story, current in the late Old Kingdom, attributed the paternity of the first kings of the 5th Dynasty to the god Ra by a someone woman, Radjedet. Break of a statue of Neferheteperes was saw at Abu Roash.

Recent Posts:



·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut

Khenut

The hieroglyphic
name of Khenut

Khenut was a royal woman of the 5th Dynasty. She was a consort of King Unis (2356-2323 B.C.E.). Khenuts tomb is set close Uniss mortuary temple in Saqqara.

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·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay

Medjay

The hieroglyphic name of Medjay

Medjay was the name given to wholes of the Nubian (modern Sudanese) effects long in service in Egypt, especially under Kamose of the Seventeenth Dynasty (c. 1550 B.C.E.) when he set about his campaigns to oust the Hyksos from the north territories of the land. Kamose's father, Sekenenre Tao II, had went the war against the Hyksos ruler, Apophis. The Medjay, noted as warriors of cunning and stamina, served as guides for the Egyptians on the marches or at the oases of the Libyan Desert. In  actual  battle they formed  light infantry units and stimulated to the front lines, pleasing in hand-to-hand combat and the butcher of the foe.

When Ahmose (1550-1525 B.C.E.), the brother of Kamose and the give of the Eighteenth Dynasty and the New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.E.), attacked the Hyksos capital of Avaris, the Medjay were again at his lateral. When the war complete successfully, the Medjay went the backbone of the newly  formed state police in times of peace. Some of the members, men untold as Dedu, great  themselves and were given higher political and government posts. Tuthmosis III (1479-1425  B.C.E.) established a temple to Dedun, the Nubian god who was probably patron of the Nubian parades. The Medjay are connected with the pan-grave people in southern Egypt  and Lower Nubia. Denotations are that these troops served as guardians of the viceroy of Kush and various fortresses. The particular  Medjay forces are recorded as early as the 6th Dynasty (2323-2150 B.C.E.)  when  they  were  used as paid troops.

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·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy

Alchemy

Alchemy is a term gained from the ancient Egyptian accomplishment in the working of worthy metals, alchemy has a modern occult shape. The word is derived from the Arabic al-kimia the art of Khemet, Khem, or Kamt, which means the Black Land Egypt. Alchemy  is thus the Art of Egypt.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu

Khentiamentiu

The hieroglyphic
name of Khentiamentiu

Khentiamentiu was a inspired being of Egypt, the forerunner of the god Osiris, dating to Predynastic Periods (before 3,000 B.C.E.). called  the champion of the Westerners, he was shown as a Jackal. The title shows that Khentiamentiu was connected with the mortuary rituals as a  guardian of the dead, who went to the West. Ordinarily the necropolis areas were located on the western shore  of the Nile. Sometimes covered as Ophis, Khentiamentiu was a warrior deity and the sailing master for the suns daily voyage in the Tuat, or Underworld. His cultic enshrines were in Abydos and Assiut, and he was sometimes  related  with Wepwawet, the wolf deity. His fad was popular in the First Dynasty (2920-2770  B.C.E.). The pyramid texts of the Fourth Dynasty (2575-2465  B.C.E.) associated Khentiamentiu with Osiris. presently after, Osiris got the foremost  of  the  Westerners, and the Khentiamentiu fad disappeared.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir

Medir

Medir was the regulator of the 3rd Dynasty. He attended in the dominate of Djoser (2630-2611 B.C.E.). Medir was governor of close territories in Upper Egypt. When the Nile passed to rise and deluge the land over a span of years, Djoser confabulated with Medir, and with his vizier of Memphis, Imhotep, seeking repairs from them both. The two advocates proposed that Djoser should visit Elephantine Island, because he had seen the god Khnum in one of his aspirations. Khnums cult center was on the Elephantine. Djoser visited the enshrine and made certain resorts and pluses, and the Nile flooded the land presently after. This event was recorded on the famine stela at Sehel Island in a later era.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent