Neferherenptah

The hieroglyphic name
of Neferherenptah

Neferherenptah was an Official of the Fifth Dynasty, Old Kingdom, c. 2380 BC. Neferherenptah died briefly before the addition of King Unas. He was a Royal Acquaintance, Inspector of Artisans and Overseer of the Carpenters. When work began on the kings pyramid and the causeway leading to it, Neferherenptah's tomb was incomplete. It contains, however, drawings which, had they been carved as reliefs, would have been of exceptional quality. They show the tomb owner hunting, observing birdlife, savoring his garden, watching the harvest and the vintage.

Recent Posts:



·        Khnumhotep I
·        Khnumhotep II
·        Khnumhotep III
·        Neferabet
·        Amada
·        Mekes
·        Khnumt

Khnumt

Khnumt was a royal woman of the 20th Dynasty She was likely the daughter of Amenemhet II (1929-1892 B.C.E.). Khnumt was entombed during his prevailat Dashur. A cache of her royal gems was found in  the necropolis there, and the necklaces and crowns are remarkable for their peach and craft. A trapdoor covered the entry of her tomb, hiding it from robbers. A sandstone sarcophagus was in place in the tomb, but her mummified stays were badly damaged by robbers.

Recent Posts:



·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian
·        Meir
·        Khnumhotep I
·        Khnumhotep II
·        Khnumhotep III
·        Neferabet
·        Amada
·        Mekes

Mekes

Mekes was an ancient Egyptian royal Scepter intentional to be flat at one end, the mekes was pharaonic abilities in royal rites and was used by the rulers in many old periods at formal court or temple ceremonials. The original cultic symbolism of the scepter is not noted, and the ritual role is not clear.

Recent Posts:



·        Khian
·        Meir
·        Khnumhotep I
·        Khnumhotep II
·        Khnumhotep III
·        Neferabet
·        Amada

Amada

Amada Location

Amada was a locate in Nubia, modern Sudan, Amada  was where a temple sacred to the gods Amun and  Ra Horakhte was got by Tuthmosis IV (1401-1391 B.C.E.)  and mounted by Amenhotep III (1391-1353 B.C.E.). Tuthmosis IV extended  the  shrine  during  his rule. The shrine is observed for fine reliefs in color and for images of Messuy, the viceroy of Kush, as Nubia was addressed.  Merenptah's cartouches are as well preserved there. Messuys showing at Amada led to his recognition in some eras with Amunmesses, a supplanter observing Merenptahs rule (1224-1214 B.C.E.).

Amada Temple

King Thutmose III in front
the deities at Amada

The essential temple at Amada was put up by Ramesses II (1290-1224  B.C.E.)  with columned halls and Osiride statues of that  pharaoh. Two stelae, one dedicated to Amun-R and the other harbingering the arrival of a Hittite princess as Ramesses II's bride, were learned  there. particular paintings, halls, a sanctuary, and a chapel to the god Thoth practiced the temple design. Two more stelae, honoring different officials of the eras, were  also described on the site. The temple of Amada was went when the Aswan High Dam was manufactured.

Recent Posts:



·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian
·        Meir
·        Khnumhotep I
·        Khnumhotep II
·        Khnumhotep III
·        Neferabet

Neferabet

The hieroglyphic
name of Neferabet

Temple Draughtsman, the Nineteenth Dynasty, New Kingdom, c. 1295-1186 BC. Neferabet gone an employee in the Place of Truth in the graveyard of Deir el-Medina. He records his distress that, for swearing incorrectly in the name of the god Ptah, he was struck blind. Beware of Ptah, he urges those who visit his otherwise pleasant and well appointed tomb. He likewise seemingly fell foul of the goddess Meretseger (She who loves Silence), whom he thanks for repairing his health after some unnamed evildoing against The Peak, the pyramidal-shaped deal, sacred to the goddess, which stood old the necropolis.

The Tomb of Neferabet (TT5):

The tomb of Neferabet, or tomb (TT5), has two burial chambers. In chamber A a son called Nedjemger is shown providing a vase to Neferabet and Taesi. A big group of congeners is shown warm the Hathor cow from the mountain. The relatives include: Neferabet himself, his father the scorpion curer Amenmose (father-in-law?), and his brother Amenemope. Also involved are Neferabet's boys Neferronpet, Ramose, Nedjemger, Meriunu and Neferabets brothers Anhotep, Ipu, Huy, Merymaat and a man named Iryfdjodj. The women in the scene include Neferabet's wife Ta-ese, her mother Tenthaynu, his sister Istnofret and various daughters named Henuttu, Mahy, Tenthaynu, Hetepy, Mutemopet and Istnofret. In another view several family members are presented warm Re-Harakhti. The congeners in this scene take Neferabet's father Neferronpet, Neferabet himself, Neferabet's brother Anhotep and different of Neferabet's uncles: Rahotep, Maaninakhtef, Ipu and Pashed.

In chamber B, five panels show the family loving Anubis. Neferabet is attended by his wife, his sons Nedjemger, Neferronpet, Ramose, and Meriunu as well as his daughters Henutta, Tentha, Istnofret, Henut-iunet, Hetepy, Mutemopet, Mahy and Roruti. Anhotep is attended by their sisters Tentamenet and Taysenofret. In this tomb the scholars find a stela mentioning Neferabet's father Neferrenpet is now in the British Museum in London.

Recent Posts:



·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian
·        Meir
·        Khnumhotep I
·        Khnumhotep II
·        Khnumhotep III

Khnumhotep III

The hieroglyphic name
of Khnumhotep III

Khnumhotep III (sometimes just vizier Khnumhotep) was an Ancient Egyptian high keeper and vizier of the 12th Dynasty. Khnumhotep was the son of the local regulator Khnumhotep II, noted from his tomb at Beni Hasan (tomb BH3). Khnumhotep was advertised as a young man, under Senusret II to the royal court and was transmitted on some charges, one of them to the Red Sea, other one to Byblos. He got high steward and finally vizier during the rule of Senusret III.

Plan of the tomb of Khnumhotep III

The vizier Khnumhotep is noted from dedications in the tomb of his father, from a stela found at the Red Sea and primarily from his mastaba at Dahshur, within the necropolis related to the pyramid of Senusret III. The tomb was first located around 1894 by Jacques de Morgan who got several inscriptions as well as Khnumhotep's stays from which he estimated that the vizier should have following in his early sixties at the time of his death. New minings after 2000 found different further biographical dedications, accepting those mentioning an expedition to Byblos and Ullaza.

The mastaba was solid, without inner rooms, and was made of mudbricks covered with fine limestone while the outside was decorated with a palace faade and with the biographic inscription. The tomb has an region of c. 40 plain metres (430 sq ft) and is relatively small if equated to some neighboring tombs belonged to other viziers that are approximately 150 square metres (1,600 sq ft); this fact, in addition to his ranking titles described in the tomb, advises that Khnumhotep likely placed this tomb early in his career, and that he went vizier in his very late life and didn't have enough time for establishing a mastaba more capture to his newly achieved last rank.

Recent Posts:


·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian
·        Meir
·        Khnumhotep I
·        Khnumhotep II

Khnumhotep II

The hieroglyphic name
of Khnumhotep II

Khnumhotep II was an ancient Egyptian Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the prevail of pharaohs Amenemhat II and Senusret II of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE). He is well noted for his tomb at Beni Hasan and its palms.

Khnumhotep II hunting birds

He was a member of a powerful family of nomarchs and officials which was likely launched by his grandfather Khnumhotep I and housed in Men'at Khufu. Khnumhotep II held many titles such as transmitted prince and count, foremost of actions, royal sealer, unique friend, member of the elite, overlord of Nekheb, and likewise superintendent of the Eastern Desert, a place which he held from Year 19 of Amenemhat II until at least Year 6 of Senusret II i.e. the date which appears in Khnumhotep's tomb. Alike most nomarchs of the time he likewise given some priestly charges.

His predecessor as nomarch was plausibly his relative Netjernakht, and Khnumhotep observed him by making his tomb. His mother was Baqet while his father was an official described Neheri. Khnumhotep had 2 wives, the great of them was Khety, herself a girl of the unnamed nomarch of the neighbouring 17th nome with Hardai as capital. Like her husband, Khety held a important number of titles such as daughter of a regulator, king's friend, foremost of activenesses, lady of the house, and was as well a priestess of Hathor and Pakhet. Khnumhotep's secondary wife was Tjat who given few, honest titles such as sealant, lady of the house and one who experiences her lord; she is the only noted female sealant at the court of a local governor. Those peculiarities and the fact that both associates appears various times in Khnumhotep's tomb suggests that the one between him and Khety was likely a politically substitute marriage while Tjat could have been his regular love who was established sealer by him in order to have her shorter. From his two consorts, Khnumhotep II had several children:

    Nakht inherited his maternal grandfather's charge of nomarch at Hardai
    Khnumhotep IV, followed his father as nomarch of the 16th nome, but does not appear in his father's tomb and is only noted by his incomplete tomb at Beni Hasan
    Khnumhotep III entered to the royal court where he managed to become high steward and later vizier
    Neheri was buried in a small tomb at Beni Hasan where a stela of him was found
    another son is known for being a "mayor" in a contiguous nome.

Tomb of Khnumhotep II:

The surface of the tomb
of Khnumhotep II

Khnumhotep II is buried in Beni Hasan in the rock-cut Tomb 3 (BH3), one of the most notable of the whole necropolis. In ancient times, the tomb left have been set about via a path that was distinguishable by dark brown boulders on either side; the path extended from the open out court down the hill to the edge of the broken land.

The tomb is fronted by a columned portico and a small court; the courtyard would have been closed by mud-brick walls. The small columned portico is on the west side of the courtyard, direct in front of the tomb entrance. The ceiling of the portico is curved similar to the shape of a split barrel. The rock around the threshold leading only the tomb to the chapel was smoothed and flat, on which a fourteen line inscription is giving the list of the festal days for the functions of funeral offerings, addressed percheru, along with the name and titles of Khnumhotep II. The floor of the main chamber (as well referred to as the chapel) is sunk into the ground under the level of the open outside court and is come into by three steps. The chapel is the main chamber cut straight back into the drop almost symmetrical with 4 columns and two large shafts (that lead to burial chambers) are cut into the floor. These four main columns support a ceiling that is widespread by three segmented drum shapes. These vaults are painted in a figure that may be referencing a tent. The only light for this chamber would have come from the doorway to the portico and originally a door, between the portico and the chamber, could have been used to close the tomb to the outdoor components. Percy Newberry notes that the only remain from the inward metric door is the pivot-hole. On the doorposts are prayers to Osiris and Anubis above a seated Khnumhotep II who is facing inward. At the back of this main room (east wall) is a close rectangular shine approached by a step about 13 centimetres (5.1 in) high. Newberry names that from his resume of the tomb there was a statue here of a seated Khnumhotep II, but the whole statue had been cut away and only a helping of the seat continues. On the wall are as well depicted Khnumhotep's most sacred officials and employees at his local court, which fairly resemble a downscaled rendering of the royal court with a topical anaesthetic treasurer and some stewards and superintendents.

Relatives of Khnumhotep II

In the main chamber there is an autobiography of the went; it begins to the left of the entering to the shrine and runs levorotatory around the walls of the main chamber, ending to the right of the doorway leading to the shrine. The main types of information included are about the actions Khnumhotep II didst during his lifespan, his family and their lives, as well as the good kinship of his family to the royal house, Khnumhoteps excellent character, and his quest to visitors that offers are made to him.

On the west wall of the chamber are scenes reading mainly the provisions for the funeral and the resurrection of the went. This is instanced by the boat voyages making a association between Khnumhotep II and the god Osiris. The orientation of the boats within the tomb literally has them travel south to Abydos (right of the entering) and north to return (left of the entering). The wall jointly ensures the tomb owner of rebirth in the hereafter where he will be sustained through cult activenesses.

On the eastern end of the northwest wall there is a great standing figure of Khnumhotep II receiving oblations primarily of several cases of animals and birds. What makes this tomb stand out among the 39 important rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan is the well knew picture of the Aamu group, Asiatic nomadic traders who are sometimes seen Hyksos or leastways their forerunners; the group, led by a man addressed Absha (or Abisha, Abishai), was bringing offerings to the gone.

The west end of the paries has another large-scale pattern of Khnumhotep II only here he is lining right and practicing a bow to hunt in the defect which is on the edge of the Egyptian world, the edge between order (maat) and chaos. It has been read that in this scene Khnumhotep II is assuming the role of the king superior over the chaotic power of the desert.

The east wall houses the entrance to the shrine, as well as two large depicting of Khnumhotep II hunting in the marshes, one on the north side and the other on the south side. To the southeastern he is harpooning two fishes and to the north he is fowling with a throwing beat. These hunting in the marshes pictures help protect the deceased in the hereafter as well as guarantee his rebirth through intensions of sexuality. Beneath him, north of the door, there are shows of several people fishing and below him on the south side are delegacies of advertising boatmen. Collectively this wall being the perpetual renewal of Khnumhotep II.

The fourth paries of this tomb, south wall, was dedicated to the celebration of the cult meal of Khnumhotep II and his wife Khety.  The east end of the wall features the went seated in front of an offering table covered with offerings holding a flail, traditionally seen as a symbolisation of royalty or divinity, in his right hand.  At the western end of the wall there is an example of Khety sitting in front of a full providing table. She is facing left and concerned in her husbands meal presented by his cult.  The shrine portrays a smaller version of the offering cult and in many ways can be seen as an elaboration from the false door of the Old Kingdom, where a statue wrong a niche could have been one.  The placing of statues in the chapel itself is a new funerary art style that seemed in the Middle Kingdom tombs.

Recent Posts:

·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian
·        Meir
·        Khnumhotep I

Khnumhotep I

The hieroglyphic
name of Khnumhotep I

Khnumhotep I was an ancient Egyptian Extended Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the rule of Pharaoh Amenemhat I of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom.

Khnumhotep I is the earliest famous member of a important family of nomarchs and officials, housed in Men'at Khufu, which gone for most of the 12th dynasty; legion of Khnumhotep's posterities were addressed after him, the most famous of them comprises his grandson Khnumhotep II, well noted for his tomb's important decorations. Some biographical information about Khnumhotep I got from his tomb at Beni Hasan (BH14) besides as from that of his grandson Khnumhotep II (BH3).

The entrance of Khnumhotep I tomb

Khnumhotep's mother was a lady called Baqet whilst his father's name is unknown. His family apparently substituted an earlier family of nomarchs who were about at Men'at Khufu during the second part of the 11th Dynasty, whose members were usually described Khety or Baqet (a prominent member of this family was Baqet III).

From the letterings in Khnumhotep's tomb is placed that early in his career he kept company Amenemhat I in a military expedition got to expel a foe from Egypt. The name of this enemy is deliberately omitted in order to foreclose his unplanned immortality, but was undoubtedly one of Amenemhat's matches for the crown, perchance Segerseni. Ultimately, Amenemhat emerged victorious over Nubians and Asiatics and Khnumhotep was rewarded for his loyalty with the title counting of Men'at Khufu. Khnumhotep I later was given other titles such as great lord of the Oryx nome, familial prince and count, wearer of the royal stamp, sole companion, and was also in charge of an serious office at Nekhen.

He married a woman addressed Zatipi. Afterwards Khunmhotep's death, his titles given to his son Nakht, then to a seemingly misrelated man named Amenemhat and then again to one of his relatives, Netjernakht. Khnumhotep I besides had a daughter, Baqet, herself mother of the aforementioned Khnumhotep II who transmitted the title of nomarch after Netjernakht. See "Nomarchs of the Oryx nome" for advance notes about his genealogy.

Recent Posts:


·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian
·        Meir

Meir

The hieroglyphic
name of Meir

The contemporary village of Meir is placed due west of the town el-Qusiya in Middle Egypt. To the southern of the village is the archaeological site, the  necropolis of the former capital of Nome XIV of Upper Egypt.

The tombs of Meir

Meir Location

Very little is noted about this site, which was extensively broken in the nineteenth century and heedlessly excavated in the twentieth century. There is not even an accurate site  plan, but some of the the Old and Middle Kingdom tombs are nicely recorded in issues. Decorated with strong reliefs, these rock-cut tombs were inscribed in the low  hills westward of Meir. A First Intermediate Period cemetery perchance  gone  on  the desert plain to the east.

Group A of Meir tombs

Although  finds  at  the  site  run  in  date  from  the  Old  Kingdom  to  Graeco-Roman times, the archeologic record is very poor for most periods except the Old and Middle Kingdom. From these periods are five densities of rock-cut tombs, designated A, B, C, D and E, in an order from north to south. The most serious Old Kingdom group is A, where the finely decorated and well extended tombs of the chief priests of the cult of Hathor of Qusiya are placed. Tomb A2, of Pepi-ankh, is well knew for its unusually detailed representation of the funerary ritual. Groups B and C contain tombs of the 12th Dynasty,  with  lively  and  passing  well  carved  reliefs  and  paintings,  accepting  the famous  ancestor  list  of  the  governor  (nomarch)  Ukhhotep  III  (Tomb  B4).  Tomb  C1, belonging to Ukhhotep IV, is special in that, apart from the tomb owner, only females are showed on its walls. Substitute tombs here have likewise developed a high quantity of Middle Kingdom coffins graphic with funerary texts famous as the Coffin Texts.

Recent Posts:

·        Alexandria
·        Alexandria Battle 47 B.C.E
·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)
·        Khian

Khian

The Horus name of Khian

Khian was one of the  great  Hyksos rulers of the 15th Dynasty (1640-1532 B.C.E.). He  ruled  from  Avaris in  the  eastside  Delta  on  the Bubastite  separate  of  the Nile,  and  he  was  a  vigorous monarch, disdain the fact that Upper Egypt, the southern domain,  was  in  the  control  of  Thebes.  Khian's  dedications  are  still  visible  whole  across  Egypt  and  even  in  the Knossus of Crete. A granite lion form that was established into the wall of a put up in Baghdad, Iraq, takes his name as well. He decorated shrines at Gebelein and Bubastis, and Scarabs and seal feeling of his name have been addressed  in  the  Levant.  A  fragment  of  a  vase  with  his titles  was  excavated  at  Hattusas, the capital of Hittite.

Lion inscribed with
the cartouche of Khyan

Recent Posts:



·        Alexandria Battle 47 B.C.E
·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar
·        Mehy
·        Neferhotep (Priest)

Neferhotep (Priest)

Neferhotep was a priest from the Eighteenth Dynasty of the New Kingdom, c. 1300 BC. A modern of King Horemheb, Neferhotep was a priest of the Temple of God Amun in Thebes. His tomb (TT 50) takes an instance of a Harper's Song, a literate genre of which there are a number of living examples. The harpist-singer, presumptively of Neferhoteps household, is unknown. His song is rather wary in attitude, suggesting that life is a dream.

Recent Posts:



·        Khesuwer
·        Alexandria
·        Alexandria Battle 47 B.C.E
·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar
·        Mehy

Mehy

Mehy was an formal of the Nineteenth Dynasty who found the wrath of Ramses II. He  started  his  career  in  the  prevail  of  Seti I (1306-1290 B.C.E.).  Mehy's  rank  and  purpose  stay  a  mystery.  The agents of Ramses II (1290-1224 B.C.E.), the replacement of  Seti I, vandalized  Mehys  eases  in  his  tomb.  Such backups  would  have  provided  details  about  his  service  to the pharaohs. It is obvious that Mehy was a warrior. He was  normally  shown  in  princely  trappings  and seemed on Seti I's war rests. Some of the love songs of the era mention the fact that Mehy was a lower by birth, and  he  was  maybe  a  favorite of Seti I. In either case he gained the enmity of Ramses II and was singled out for eternal discredit by having his tomb portrayals damaged.

Recent Posts:



·        Neferhotep III
·        Kheruef
·        Mehu
·        Alexander Helios
·        Khesuwer
·        Alexandria
·        Alexandria Battle 47 B.C.E
·        Khety I
·        Khety II
·        Khety III
·        Altar