Khety I

Khety I was an ancient Egyptian nomarch of the 13th nomos of Upper Egypt ("the Upper Sycamore") through the 10th dynasty (c. 21st century BCE, during the First Intermediate Period). Alike many other topical governors, he as well was a priest of the native deity Wepwawet. It is generally took that Khety I was the earliest of a trio of connected nomarchs datable to the Herakleopolite period; he was belike was by his son Tefibi and then by his grandson Khety II.

He was member of a long note of nomarchs in Assiut with strong ties of commitment and friendship towards the Herakleopolite dynasty: as a kid he was raised along with the herakleopolite royal princes and their father  the pharaoh  appointed Khety as nomarch and also joined the mourning for the death of Khety's grandpa.

Khety subject his nomos during a pacific period, and is known that he ordered the realisation of many new irrigation canals and required the upkeep of the existing ones, thus expanding the productive land. During a period of famine got by a especially small of the Nile flood, he contributed grain to the people of his district, although he denied the grain to the denizens of the neighboring nomoi, also affected by famine, by closing the surrounds of his district. Although he found during passive times, Khety boasted his power as a warrior and ordered the system of a provincial defence militia. Afterwards his death Khety was entombed in Asyut (tomb V) and his titles passed to his son Tefibi, who is likely to have lived during the prevail of Wahkare Khety and Merykare.

Recent Posts:



·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I
·        Neferhotep III
·        Kheruef
·        Mehu
·        Alexander Helios
·        Khesuwer
·        Alexandria
·        Alexandria Battle 47 B.C.E

Alexandria Battle 47 B.C.E

Alexandria  Battle, the  military causes between Julius Caesar and the forces holding Ptolemy XIII (51-47 B.C.E.) in Egypts capital. Caesar was under besieging in Alexandria from August 48 B.C.E. to February 47 B.C.E. after putting Cleopatra VII on the throne and expatriating  Ptolemy  to  the  desert.  The  Romans  represented  the royal  residency  at  Alexandria from  land  effects  and  an Egyptian  naval  effect.  Setting  fire  to  these  ships,  Caesar inadvertently  engulfed  the  Library of Alexandria in flames as well. Caesar as well took Pharos Island, the site of the beacon of Alexandria, one of the Seven Wonders of the World.

By  January  47  B.C.E., Caesar  was  thoroughly  included  by  Egyptians,  but  Mithridates  of  Pergamum come with 20,000 men. Caesar had sent for him at the start  of  the  campaign.  When  the  new  allies  entered  the difference, Caesar went out to confront Ptolemy XIII in the desert part. The battle of the Nile resulted, with Caesar winning.

Recent Posts:



·        Khert-neter

·        Neferhotep I

·        Neferhotep III

·        Kheruef

·        Mehu

·        Alexander Helios

·        Khesuwer

·        Alexandria

Alexandria

The hieroglyphic
name of Alexandria

Alexandria was the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt,  founded in 331 B.C.E. by Alexander the essential as the result of a vision, the vanquisher chose the place of Rhakotis in the southwestern Delta of the Nile.  Rhakotis  was  an  ancient town, dating to the New Kingdom (1550-1070  B.C.E.) and was set on the westernmost Nile tributary. Two limestone rooftrees run parallel to the coast of Alexandria, the  outer  one  breaking  the  waves  and  the inner  ridge restrictive the city against shifting alluvium. Alexander ordered a causeway, called the  Heptastadion,  seven stades  long,  to  link  the  rooftrees. Two ancient  harbors were on either  lateral:  the  Eunostos  or  Harbor  of  Safe Return on the west, and the extended Harbor on the east. A third harbor, on  Lake  Mareotis, linked  the  city  to  the Nile.

Location of Alexandria

Two  suburban  areas,  Neopolis  and  the Island of Pharos,  were  involved  in  Alexanders  original  plans.  He did not continue in Egypt, however, and ne'er saw the city being  constructed  in  his  name.  Alexanders  viceroy, Cleomenes of Naukratis, was so the actual creator of Egypt's new capital, which was ideally situated for trade and  commerce  and  expanded  rapidly. Dinocrates,  the Greek  city  contriver  from  Rhodes,  managed  the  actual construction.

The center of the city was designed to provide trade centers, residences, sunken romances, and even catacombs. The Serapeum, the devoted burial site and shrine of the sacred Apis bulls, was developed on the hill of Rhakotis in the citys  oldest  section.  Royal  residences,  municipal  buildings,  and  government  seats  were  as well  introduced.  Two other structures as well got acclaim to the new capital: the  Library of Alexandria and  the  lighthouse at Pharos. The continues of Alexander the extended were reportedly come out in the Soma of the city after being regenerated to the  capital  by Ptolemy I Soter in  323  B.C.E. Ptolemaic mausoleums and the tombs of Antony and Cleopatra VII have disappeared over the centuries, along with the vanquishers body.

Thousands  of  new  residents  flocked  to  Alexandria, and  awards  of  property,  called  a  cleruchy, were  given  to foreign  mercenaries  who  domiciled  in  the  city  and  made themselves  clear  for  military service.  A  Greek  elite moved from Naukratis (el-Nibeira), the original Hellenic outstation, and some laws and regulating were given to protect their special status.

Recent Posts:



·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I
·        Neferhotep III
·        Kheruef
·        Mehu
·        Alexander Helios
·        Khesuwer

Khesuwer

Khesuwer was a religious official of the Twelfth Dynasty. He attended as an examiner of the Prophets of Hathor in the rule of Senwosret I (1971-1926 B.C.E.). His tomb was saw close Kom el-Hisn, addressed the Mound of the Fort. The chambers of the stone tomb are painted and scenic. A temple to Hathor and Sekhmet once bore on the site.

Recent Posts:



·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)
·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I
·        Neferhotep III
·        Kheruef
·        Mehu
·        Alexander Helios

Alexander Helios

Alexander Helios (Born 40 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the eldest son of the Macedonian queen Cleopatra VII of Ptolemaic Egypt by Roman triumvir Mark Antony. Alexander's brotherlike twin sister was Cleopatra Selene II. The twins were of Macedonian Greek and Roman inheritance, Cleopatra addressed her son after her collateral ancestor, Alexander the great. His second name in Ancient Greek substances "Sun"; this was the similitude of his twin sisters second name Selene, meaning "Moon".

Alexander Helios was born and learned in Alexandria. He was the second of Cleopatra's three sons, Caesarion being the oldest. In late 34 BC, at the Donations of Alexandria, he was given the title of "King of Kings". His parents likewise made him rule of Armenia, Media, Parthia and any areas yet to be discovered between the Euphrates and Indus Rivers, disdain the fact that nearly of this soil stood outside of their control at that time. These areas were, in fact, already ruled by Artaxias II of Armenia (who had been electoral King that same year after Antony fascinated his father Artavasdes II), Artavasdes I of Media Atropatene and Phraates IV of Parthia. In 33 BC, Alexander was engaged to his distant relative Iotapa, a Princess of Media Atropatene and girl of Artavasdes I. However, Mark Antony and Cleopatra were overcome by Octavian at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC. The next year, they trusted suicide as Octavian and his army overrun Egypt. Iotapa left Egypt to return to her father and late married her maternal full cousin King Mithridates III of Commagene, who was of Armenian and Greek stock.

When Octavian suppressed Egypt, he spared Alexander, but taken him, his sister and his brother Ptolemy Philadelphus from Egypt to Rome. Octavian celebrated his military exult in Rome by marching the children in heavy golden strings in the streets behind an effigy of their mother holding tight an asp to her arm. It is unclear whether Ptolemy Philadelphus survived the journey to Rome, as Cassius Dio only notes the twins in his History of Rome. Octavian gave the children to Octavia Minor, his elder sister and a former wife of Mark Antony, to be rose under her guardianship in Rome. They were liberally received by Octavia, who developed them with her own nippers.

The fate of Alexander Helios is obscure. Plutarch, Cassius Dio and Suetonius state that Octavian killed Antonys son Marcus Antonius Antyllus and Cleopatra's son with Julius Caesar, Caesarion. The only further mention of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus does from Cassius Dio, who states that when their sister Cleopatra Selene II married King Juba II, Octavian (then addressed Augustus) spared the lives of Alexander Helios and Ptolemy Philadelphus as a privilege to the couple.

Recent Posts:



·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)
·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I
·        Neferhotep III
·        Kheruef
·        Mehu

Mehu

The hieroglyphic name of Mehu

Princely  formal of the 5th and 6th Dynasties. Mehu processed as vizier to Unis (2356-2323 B.C.E.) and Teti (2323-2291 B.C.E.). He is showed as being the son of Idut. Mehu  was entombed in a adopted tomb at Saqqara, near Unis's mortuary complex. A panel in the tomb describes the special owner.mastaba-shaped, the tomb had three chambers and a courtyard, with additional mud-brick  masonry. A stella was named, as well as eases, including one showing the trapping of birds.

Recent Posts:



·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)
·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I
·        Neferhotep III
·        Kheruef

Kheruef

The hieroglyphic
name of Kheruef

Rests of the tomb of Kheruef

Kheruef was a palace formal of the Eighteenth Dynasty. He processed as the royal keeper of Amenhotep III (1391-1353 B.C.E.). Kheruef's main duties were concerned with the daily administrative functions of Queen Tiye, Amenhotep III's dynamic and powerful consort. His tomb at Dra-Abu El-Naga, on the western shore of Thebes, contains fine backups that showing his life and honors. Amenhotep II is showed in the backups, and there are scenes of Queen Tiye  and Akhenaten as a prince. A columned hall and black scenes as well grace Kheruefs tomb.

Recent Posts:



·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)
·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I
·        Neferhotep III

Neferhotep III

The nebty name of Neferhotep III

Neferhotep III was one of the last rulers of the Thirteenth Dynasty. His date of rule is unknown. A stela in Karnak mentions his help to the temples and shrines of Thebes. He is suspicious to have broken the khepresh, the war crown made of electrum. This appears  to  be  the  first  reference  to  that particular style of royal  headgear. Neferhotep III  conducted military campaigns  against the Hyksos, but  the Asiatics were in full hold of their Delta territories by that time.

Recent Posts:



·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)
·        Khert-neter
·        Neferhotep I

Neferhotep I

The nebty name
of Neferhotep I

Neferhotep I was a King of the Thirteenth Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, c. 1740 BC. He was one of the marginally more winning and longerlasting of the Thirteenth Dynasty rulers, Neferhotep ruled for about nine years and established a pyramid for himself at El-Lisht. He may not have been of the royal note but he pulled the honor of succeeding geneses. Despite the doubtfulnesses of the times, Neferhotep observed contact with the Lebanon and Nubia, two rods of the Egyptian trading and smooth network. He paid direct attention to the cult of Osiris at Abydos, where he himself addressed the observances and sacred plays in reward of the god at the fetes which were essential features of the religious round in Abydos.

The Statue of Neferhotep I

He was peculiarly referred to ensure that the sacred ceremonies come the correct form, as instructed by the gods at the start of time.

Recent Posts:



·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)
·        Khert-neter

Khert-neter

This term (Khert-neter) transforms as that which is beneath a god and was practiced in ancient Egypt to denote a cemetery or necropolis. Most cemetery areas had close patrons, gods who resided on upper cliffs and surveyed the tombs set in the region. Meresger, a goddess of Thebes, is an exercise of such cliff-dwelling gods overlooking the khert-neter.

Recent Posts:



·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus
·        Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)

Alexander Balas (150-146 BC)

Alexander Balas

Alexander Balas (Ephiphanes) (fl. second century B.C.E.) King of Syria and Pergamum, modern Turkey He asked Ptolemy VI Philometor (180-164/163-145 B.C.E.) to care him in strong the stays of the crumbled Macedonian Empire. Alexander Balas slew Demetrius I Soter, the heir of the Syrian Seleucid Dynasty. When Demetrius II Nicator, the son of Demetrius I, met Alexander Balas in conflict, he revenged his fathers death. Alexander Balas had kept Egyptian hold and the favourable reception of the Senate of Rome until the fateful battle that ended his life.

Recent Posts:



·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep
·        Alexander Aetolus

Alexander Aetolus

Alexander Aetolus was the greek poet of Alexandria. Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 B.C.E.) determined Alexander  Aetolus  as  an  official  of  the  extended Library of Alexandria. The library was an institution noted for its vast archives that involved centuries of world history and the cultural accomplishment of many peoples. His project was to list and catalogue the tragic dramas domiciliate in the library. Alexander Aetoluss compositions are lost, although the title of one of his plays, Astragalistae, or The Dice Throwers, has survived. Alexanders closer poetic works are noted in  modern times only by fragments that have gone over the centuries.

Recent Posts:



·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh
·        Neferhotep

Neferhotep

Neferhotep (Twelfth Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, c. 1850 BC) was a harpist employed in the household of Iky, the Overseer of Priests at Abydos. He was grossly fat; in one of his two surviving stelae, which were let to be placed in Ikys cenotaph, he is shown reach forward, in gluttonous anticipation, for the important pile of fruits, meat and sweetmeats which have been provided for his afterlife.

He has a second stela which gives an penetration into the course of a small Egyptians life around the start of the second millenary BC. Neferhotep was provided with the stela, which calls on the gods to be merciful to him, by his idolized friend, the Carrier of Bricks, Nebsumenu. The stela itself has been carved, not especially skilfully, by The Draughtsman Rensonbs son Sonbau.

Neferhotep is shown playing for the pleasure of his employer and his wife on their funerary stela. The offerings piled before them must have been a sore temptation.

Recent Posts:



·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)
·        Khepresh

Khepresh

The hieroglyphic
name of Khepresh

khepresh was an ancient Egyptian royal headdress. It is likewise noted as the blue crown or war crown. New Kingdom pharaohs are often drawn wearing it in battle, but it was also frequently worn in ceremonies. It practiced to be called a war crown by many, but modern historians refrain from defining it thus.

No khepresh has been saw. located on ancient artistic representations, some Egyptologists have pondered that the khepresh was made of leather or tightened cloth addressed with a precise arrangement of hundreds of sequins, discs, bosses, or rings. Another opening is that the khepresh was braided like a basket, as the deshret (red crown) is noted to have been, from plant fiber such as grass, straw, flax, ribbon leaf, or reed. The regular array of circles on near and sculpted depictions of the crown may be an artistic idea of the hexangular holes in an open triaxial weave.[citation needed] As with many other royal crowns, a uraeus (cobra) was hooked to the front of the khepresh.

Tthe blue crown
of Egypt (Khepresh)

The Blue Crown, or War Crown, was described in hieroglyphs. The earliest known mention of the khepresh is on the stela Cairo JE 59635 [CG 20799] which dates to the dominate of pharaoh Neferhotep III, during the Second Intermediate Period. In this and other instances from the same era, the word is written with a determining that represents the cap crown, a lower and less close typecast of crown. Pictures of the khepresh from the dominate of Ahmose I, first king of the New Kingdom and the Eighteenth Dynasty, show a headgear that is taller than the cap crown and more angular than later forms of the khepresh. This crown continued to produce during the early Eighteenth Dynasty, attaining its best-known form in the reigns of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III.

The Khepresh
of Tutankamun

Amenhotep III wearing
the khepresh crown

After Amenhotep III's prevail  and peculiarly during the 18th and 19th Dynasties it came into fashion and was even took by some pharaohs as a essential crown. The crown ceased to be showed in the Kushite Dynasty (747 to 656 BCE).

During the New Kingdom, pharaohs were established with this crown in military portions. However, some scholars think that the crown was likewise meant to evoke the divine power of the pharaoh, and was thereby worn to religiously situate kings as manifestations of gods on earth.

Recent Posts:



·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay
·        Khenut
·        Neferheteperes
·        Alexander III (the essential) (356-323 BC)
·        Khepesh
·        Alexander IV (323-311 BC)