Ptolemy X (107-88 BCE)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy X

Ptolemy X

Ptolemy X Alexander I was the son of Cleopatra III and King Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physcon. His mother was united to King Ptolemy VIII patch her individual mother was set his official married woman. Cleopatra III took two sons  Ptolemy IX Philometor Soter II (Lathyros) and Ptolemy X Alexander I and 3 daughters, Cleopatra IV, Cleopatra Tryphaena, and Cleopatra Selene. Upon the death of Ptolemy VIII, his will given the successiveness of the Egyptian throne to Cleopatra III and to whosoever son she preferred. Cleopatra III in reality hated Lathyros and favorite Ptolemy X Alexander, the earliest of her two sons. Unluckily, the citizens of Alexandria preferred Lathyros to be co-regent. At the time, Lathyros was the governor of Cyprus and he was summoned back to Alexandria to grown co-ruler with his mother (106-101 BC). Ptolemy X Alexander I was old sent to Cyprus in Lathyros place in 113 BC.

Lathyros marriage to sister Cleopatra IV, was reversed by his mother and he was married to his smallest sister Cleopatra Selene. Cleopatra IV fled to Cyprus where she tried to raise an army and marry her other brother Ptolemy X Alexander. When her effort to marry her second brother broken, she flew to Syria where she used her army as a portion and married Antiochus IX Cyzicenus who was son of Antiochus Sidetes and Cleopatra Thea. Cleopatra III ne'er changed her head and eventually succeeded in disbelieving Ptolemy IX in 107 BC by accusing him of trying to hit her. Ptolemy IX Lathyros was then special to flee back to Cyprus providing his wife and his two sons behind . It was at this time that Ptolemy X Alexander was mobilized by his mother support to Alexandria from Cyprus and took the throne.

Ptolemy X Alexander I prevailed Egypt jointly with his mother Cleopatra III until her last five years later in 101 BC. Still the publicity of Ptolemy X Alexander never materialized. Eventually he was driven from Egypt by his own cases and died in a naval battle, or perhaps murdered, in 88 BC. Lathyros was worked back to Alexandria to try to supersede together the Ptolemaic Empire. He died at the years of 62 in 80 BC leaving no legitimate heir to the throne, which then gone to his daughter Cleopatra Berenike who found alone shortly before Ptolemy XI, son of Ptolemy X Alexander, was held to marry his stepmother. Clean 19 days after the marraige, Ptolemy XI gone his new wife irritating the people who them stormed the palace and downed him.

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Ptolemy IX Soter II (116-107, 88-81)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy IX

Ptolemy IX Soter II

Ptolemy IX Soter II, byname Lathyrus (expanded 1st century bc), Macedonian king of Egypt (prevailed 116-110, 109-107, and 88-81 bc) who, afterward ruling Cyprus and Egypt in various combining with his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander I, and his mother, Cleopatra III, widow of Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II, advanced sole rule of the country in 88 and sought to keep Egypt from radical Roman influence while hard to develop trade with the East.

The unusual will of Euergetes II partitioned Egypt's ownership, leaving Cleopatra III as the good ruler of Egypt and Cyprus. Although she favorite his younger brother, Ptolemy Alexander, popular opinion forced the dowager queen to fire him and to associate Ptolemy Soter on the throne with herself. After telling the king in 115 to divorce his stubborn sister-queen, Cleopatra IV, his mother special Ptolemy to marry his younger, more pliable sister, Cleopatra Selene. The next year, later his brother was sent to Cyprus as governor, Ptolemy Soter looked with his mother as joint rule of Egypt. The latent antagonism between the son and his mother finally broken in October 110, when Cleopatra discharged him from Egypt and retrieved his brother from Cyprus. Soter II given in early 109 but was evicted anew by his mother in March of the coming year.

After a reconciliation in May 108 he taken flight a third time and given himself in Cyprus, from where in 107 he invaded north Syria to serve one of the claimants to the Seleucid imperium, while his mother, allying herself with the Jewish king in Palestine, actively aided another Seleucid sham. During the extended war his mother died (101) and Ptolemy X Alexander gone the sole ruler of Egypt, while Soter II remained strong in Cyprus.

After Alexanders unpopularity got him from Alexandria a second time and he perished at sea, Soter returned to resume sole rule over Egypt. Lacking a queen, he got back his brothers widow, who was also his own daughter, Berenice III, and linked her on the throne with himself. Shortly earlier Soters return in 88 a essential native rebellion erupted around Thebes in Upper Egypt. Afterward three years of hard fighting Thebes capitulated and was made in retribution.

Ptolemy Soter refused to make aid to the Romans in the run of their war with Pontus, a Black Sea realm, and after the Roman clear of Athens in 88 the Egyptian rulers assisted rebuild the city, for which commemorative statues of them were erected. Ptolemy IX died in 81, leaving his daughter and widow as his replacement.

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Ptolemy VIII Euergetes (170-163, 145-116)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy VIII

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes was the eighth swayer of the Ptolemaic Period. He  prevailed from  170 to 163 B.C.E., and  from  145  B.C.E. until  his dying. The son of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and likely Queen Cleopatra (1), he was visited Physcon, or Fatty. The Roman Scipio Africanus given him that soubriquet. He ruled for a time with Ptolemy VI Philometor and  Cleopatra(2) and  then  established to  take  control, expelling  his  brother.  Rome  settled  the  spot,  and Ptolemy VIII  was  presented  Cyrenaica.  At  the  death  of Ptolemy  VI,  he  put  his  nephew,  Ptolemy VII,  to  death  and  married  Cleopatra (2). He  then  tied  a  niece, Cleopatra(3) and aforethought against his first wife, who was frequent.

As  a  lead  of  court  connive,  Ptolemy  VIII  and Cleopatra (3) fled to Cyprus. There they sent for Memphites, a young son of Cleopatra (2), and murdered him. They cut up the body and saved it to Cleopatra (2) as a birthday present. The couple rendered to Egypt c. 118 B.C.E. and  sent  Cleopatra  (2)  into  exile.  She  died  shortly after, but Cleopatra (3) outlived her husband, who died in 116 B.C.E.

In  118  B.C.E., Ptolemy  VIII  issued  the  Amnesty Decree, an drive to put an end to the conflicts between the clear Egyptians and the Greeks. He was considered a somewhat  bruising  but  magnanimous  helper  of Egyptian temples. At Edfu, he was represented in the company of Egypt's defenders, the goddess Buto and Nekhebet, and his investiture fete was staged there. He is also represented on a wall of Kom Ombo, and he set up a temple at Tod (Djerty), near Erment. Ptolemy VIII developed two Mammisi structures, one at Philae and a support temple of Horus at Edfu.

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Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (d. 144 bc)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy VII

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator

Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator, (d. 144 bc), younger son and co-ruler with Ptolemy VI Philometor, king of Egypt, whom he followed in 145 bc. Fixed a minor, he was the ward of his mother, who also attended as his co-ruler. He was soon gone by his uncle, Ptolemy VIII, who executed him the following year.

Classical and even contemporary Egyptian germs are confused concerning the placement of Neos Philopator in the royal episode because leastwise one other son of Philometor, likewise named Ptolemy, helped as co-ruler earlier in the rule. Modern scholars have gathered demonstrate to present that Neos Philopator gone co-ruler in 147 bc. Coming his fathers death, he ruled from about July to late August 145, with the support of Cleopatra II. His fathers army, however, had been spread in Syria; and Neos Philopator and his mother delighted only limited support. After the foe factions bid the young kings uncle, Ptolemy VIII, to accept the kingship, Neos Philopator was deponed. He was executed the observing year, after his uncle married his mother.

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Ptolemy VI Philometor (180-164, 163-145)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy VI

Ptolemy VI Philometor

Ptolemy VI Philometor, (in Greek: Loving His Mother) (180-145 bc), Macedonian king of Egypt under whom an set about invasion of Coele Syria ensued in the occupation of Egypt by the Seleucids. Afterward Roman interference and several guesses of joint rule with his brother, however, Ptolemy was fit to reunify his realm.

The son of Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Cleopatra I, Ptolemy VI dominated as co-regent with his mother, who, although a daughter of a Seleucid king, did not direct faces in Syria and remained friendly with Rome. Mother and son governed effectively until her death in 176, when Ptolemy fell under the determine of two serious courtiers. About 173 Ptolemy was married to his sister, Cleopatra II. Under his advisors guidance, trainings were made to invade Coele Syria. In 170 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes, his brother, was associated on the throne with Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II, and Coele Syria was invaded, but the Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV decisively attempted the Egyptians and seized Pelusium, the Egyptian frontier city. Antiochus overrun Egypt in 170 and again in 168, but withdrew under force from the Ptolemies ally, Rome. About October 164 Philometor was discharged from Alexandria by his brother and fled to Rome for support. The Romans thereupon partitioned the Ptolemaic realm, order Euergetes into Cyrenaica and rendering Philometor Cyprus and Egypt.

Euergetes, not complacent with Cyrenaica alone, journeyed to Rome twice to ask for Cyprus also. The Senate finally determined to grant the brothers invite; Philometor, however, simple the Romans by clever diplomacy and in 154 attempted his brother, who set about to seize Cyprus by drive. Nevertheless Philometor restored his brother to Cyrenaica, married a daughter to him, and given him a grain subsidy. In Rome, meanwhile, the Roman statesman Cato the Elder, deploring the continuous intrigues, praised Ptolemy VI as a good and beneficent ruler. At last Philometors kingdom became relatively secure.

In 155, however, the Seleucid ruler of Syria had incurred Ptolemys antagonism by conspiring to seize Cyprus. When a sham, Alexander Balas, appeared, Philometor raced to aid him in 153, and afterwards even gave him a daughter in marriage. About 148, however, the Egyptian king found himself in Syria again when another fraud come along. When Alexander Balas failed in his attempt to have Philometor dead, the Egyptian ruler lent his daughter, Balas wife, on the new fake. Although Ptolemy dependent him, the people of Antioch and the Syrian army asked the Egyptian monarch himself to become their ruler. Ptolemy rejected, but he was soon drawn into a battle in which Alexander Balas was defeated and slain. During the battle Ptolemy fell from his horse and broken his skull, dying a few days later.

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Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205-180)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy V

Ptolemy V

Ptolemy V concerned the throne at the age of five, as the issue of a dynastic fascinate. During his reign the serious native revolts that had broke at Thebes in the time of his precursors, and resulted in the organization of a line of native pharaohs seeing the Theban area, continued. These were broken in 186 BC and Ptolemy V found control of the south, but similar uprisings occurred later in the next century, in 88-86 BC.

In foreign affairs, Egypt gone most of her ownerships in Asia Minor, Palestine and the Aegean, and managed to retain only Cyprus and Cyrene. Ptolemy V took a foreign wife the daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III and she became Queen Cleopatra I.

Building projects at home admitted a chapel for the deified Imhotep on the sacred island of Philae. A Decree (issued on March 27, 196 BC) commemorates the religious ceremonies that occurred at the kings investiture at Memphis, but this has become noted not so much for its substance as for the share that it made to the decoding of Egyptian hieroglyphs. Famous today as the Rosetta Stone (since it was described at Rosetta in 1798), the Decree was written in hieroglyphs, Demotic and Greek; this triple version enabled scholars, who loved Greek, to begin deciphering the related Egyptian scripts.

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Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-205)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy IV

Ptolemy IV Philopator

Ptolemy IV Philopator was the son of Ptolemy III, Ptolemy IV taken the name of Philopator which implies father-loving; corresponding to the custom of this dynasty, he married his sister, Arsinoe III.

He defeated Antiochus III of Syria at the battle of Raphia in 217 BC, after Antiochus had unsafe Egypt's frontier, but this winner may have given to the troubles that he had to face at home. A large contingent of clean Egyptians had agitated well at Raphia, and this victory may have advanced them to got enclosed with nationalistic riots in the region of Thebes. These set about in 207-206 BC, and their aim was to re-establish clear rule in Egypt; to some extent this was reached when, for nineteen years, a line of Egyptian pharaohs assumed some hold which enabled them to rule the Theban territory.

Under Ptolemy IV, problems began which were related with the administration and administration of the country and in following reigns, these troubles would become even more critical.

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Ptolemy III Euergetes (246--221)

Hieroglyphic Name:

Hieroglyphic name of Ptolemy III

Ptolemy III

Ptolemy III was the Third ruler of the Ptolemaic Period. He reigned  from  246  B.C.E. until  his  death  and  was  the son of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Queen Arsinoe (2). Berenice (3), the daughter of Magas, the king of Cyrene, was  his  check.  His  sister,  Berenice (2),  was  executed  in Syria,  and  Ptolemy  III  invaded  that  land  to  avenge  the murder.  The  Egyptian  navy  raised  against  Seleucus III's  forces  in  Thrace,  across  the  Hellespont,  charming lands in Asia Minor. Ptolemy III took an army to Seleucia on the Tigris River but had to issue to Egypt because of a low Nile inundation and famine. He faced an alignment of Seleucid Syria, Macedonia, and Rhodes but was united by the Achaean League. A repose was prepared in 242/241 B.C.E.

In  Egypt,  Ptolemy III occupied  the  Faiyum and reformed  the  calendar with  the  canopus decree. He taken the title Euergetes, meaning the Benefactor, as a issue  of  these  efforts.  His  efforts  in  Syria  took more or less  five  years,  and  Berenice  stood  as  regent during  his  absence  with  succeeder.  During  the  leftover years of his reign, Ptolemy III established Minshaa, good Sohag in Upper Egypt, as a sister city to Alexandria. Two extending  tables,  a  limestone  wall,  and  a  pillar  capital  were seen  there.  The  site  helped  as  a  switching  center  with Nubia and the Red Sea.

He also constructed a temple in Edfu, reconstructing treasures slipped by the Persians centuries before. Ptolemy III established at the serapeum, contributing another library to accommodate an runoff of books, and taking up more volumes  to  have  them  re-create.  In Reality,  the  particular manuscripts  of  Aeschylus,  Sophocles,  and  Euripedes come  in  Alexandria  on  lend  from  Athens.  Ptolemy  III made copies and sent them back to Athens, observing the originals.  He  forfeited  an  amount  of  silver,  given  in surety,  as  a  issue.  During  his  reign,  Ptolemy  III  and Queen  Berenice  were  deified  as  Charitable Gods by Egypt.  The  priests  at  Canopus  declared  their  status  in 238 B.C.E.

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Ptolemaic Period (304-30 B.C.E.)

In 323 B.C., when Alexander III, the Macedonian conqueror of the Persian Empire (which included Egypt), died, a coalition of his generals took over rule of the vast area under his control. Ptolemy I Soter was one of these generals and by 305 B.C. was in complete control of Egypt. Declaring himself king, Ptolemy I established what historians sometimes call the Ptolemaic dynasty, a series of kings named Ptolemy who ruled Egypt from 305 B.C. to 30 B.C. The time when these kings ruled is often referred to as the Ptolemaic Period, or as the beginning of what is known to historians as the Greco-Roman Period (because it was an era of Greek and Roman influence).


List of Ptolemaic Kings and Queens:

• Ptolemy I Soter (304-284)
• Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246)
• Ptolemy III Euergetes (246-221)
• Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-205)
• Ptolemy V Epiphanes (205-180)
• Ptolemy VI Philometor (180-164, 163-145)
• Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (d. 144 bc)
• Ptolemy VIII Euergetes (170-163, 145-116)
• Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) (116-107, 88-81)
• Ptolemy X (107-88 BCE)
• Ptolemy XI Alexander II (105-80 BCE)
• Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysius (80-58, 55-51)
• Ptolemy XIII (51-47)
• Ptolemy XIV (47-44)
• Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44-30)
• Cleopatra I (c. 215-176 bc)
• Cleopatra II (c. 185-116  BC)
• Cleopatra III (c. 158-101 BC)
• Cleopatra IV (d. 113 BC)
• Cleopatra V Selene (c. 140/135-69 BC)
• Cleopatra VI Tryphaena (d. 57 BC)
• Cleopatra VII Philopator (c. 69-30 BC)
• Cleopatra Selene II (40 BC-11/7 AD)
• Cleopatra Thea (165-121 BC)
• Cleopatra Tryphaena (d. 112 BC)