Mammisi

The Hieroglyphic name of Mammisi

The mammisi, which is often referred to as a birth house and seen by some to be a temple in its own rite, was certainly a structure with substantial religious meaning, especially for the king. This condition, which is really a coptic discussion for "birth-situation", was originally invented for the structure by Jean Francois Champollion. excavated within the temple precinct and often oriented at right angles to the main temple axis, this type of construction was affiliated with the secret birth of the gods and the celebration of their births. Particularly in New Kingdom mammisis, the divine birth of the king might too be celebrated. While the birth of a god, some as Horus the Younger was primary in the mammisi, the king's divine relationship with the gods is also frequently stressed.

Mammisis were very standard in the Greek and Roman period, when they were present in all knew, major temples, but their stock was credibly Egypt's Late Period. However, their comes out, evidenced by 18th Dynasty reliefs accounting the divine carry of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahri and that of Amenhotep III at Luxor, to have been earlier counterparts.

The best preserved of these is the advanced part of the mammisi at Edfu and the rear division of that at Dendera. From these, we see a fairly unique architectural style, leastways from the Greek and Roman Periods, where an entrance vestibule opens into a relatively shortened making. Surrounding this room, a peristyle structure with screen like walls between the columns, might also be erected.

Denderah mammisi

The Southern side of the Mammisi of Edfu

The decorative theme within these constructions was apparently related to the birth of a god and his or her divine parents. Hymns were often included but text might draw the complete act of procreation, from the courtship of the parent deities through the birth and display of their child. In the mammisi based in the Temple of Hathor celebrating the birth of Ihy even depicts his formation on the potter's wheel.

However, these birth houses did not just depict the divine child and parents, but often included other affiliated gods, who were often portrayed in the act of laudatory the young god. Bes was often carved in relief on the abaci of the columns, and in several birth houses, Hathor is not only the goddess of motherhood, but is too shown in her function as goddess of music and intoxication.


th the Temple of Hathor at Dendera, which was given to Ihy (the son of Hathor and Horus). This mammisis was developed by Augustus, but not dressed until the reign of Trajan. This particular structure is especially useful, for its inscriptions and decorative theme offer explanations and information on mammisis. At Dendera there was too an earlier birth house began by Nectanebo I during the 30th dynasty, while other much structures are known by us at Philae, lionise the birth of Horus, Kom Ombo, for the birth of Panebtawy and Edfu, keeping the birth of Harpre.

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Achaean League

Achaean League around 150 BC

Achaean League is a alliance of Greek city-states and friends that achieved substantial prominence in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246  B.C.E.). This league  heavy upon Egyptian trade uses until it became embroiled in a dispute with Rome, a rising  power in the Mediterranean that began to maintain its influence, around the 2nd century.

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Kassites

Iraq under the Kassites
about c. 13th century BC

The Kassites, a people that are recorded as originating in Central Asia, making the city of Babylon c. 1595 B.C.E. The Kassites got Babylon for near 3 centuries, restoring  temples at Ur, Uruk, and Isin, as well as at DurKurigalzu, contemporary Agar Quf in Iraq. By the 13th century B.C.E., the Kassite Empire treated most of Mesopotamia, but it was invade by the Elamites c. 1159 B.C.E. Different Kassite rulers had relations with Egypt, and some are mentioned in the Amarna agreement. Burna-Buriash II (1359-1333 B.C.E.), Kurigalzu I (c. 1390 B.C.E.), and Kurigalzu II (1332-1308 B.C.E.) are among those kings.


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Nebamun

The hieroglyphic name of Nebamun

Nebamun, part of a scene
from the tomb of Nebamun

Nebamun was a middle-ranking regular "scribe and grain accountant" during the stop of the New Kingdom in ancient Egypt. He is thought to have lived 1350 BCE and wrought on the vast temple complex close Thebes (now Luxor) where the state god Amun was precious. His name was translated as "My Lord is Amun", and his affiliation with the temple, coupled with the grandness of grain supplies to Egypt, implied that he was a person of considerable practical grandness, though not of the broadest rank.

Fowling scene from
the tomb of Nebamun

Nebamun is famous today because of the 1820 discovery of the richly-decorated Tomb of Nebamun on the westward bank of the Nile at Thebes. Although the exact placement of that tomb is now missed, a number of bulwark paintings from the tomb were taken by the British Museum where they are now on display. They are seen to be one of that museums excellent values.

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Mallawi

Mallawi Location

Mallawi was a place near el-Minya that attended as a necropolis for that field in the Old Kingdom Period (2575-2134  B.C.E.). The memorial park is now called Sheikh Said. Some 90 graves were discovered there, going out to the early dynastic eras.

Notes:

Situated in a farm area, the town produces textiles and handicrafts. The total domain of the city is about 3 acres (12,000 m2). The south fix is Allah Mansion (possibly a religious construction?), the northern limit is a television sender, the eastern frame is the Nile, and the western limit is Dirotiah Lake. The city contains numerous ancient Egyptian artefacts.

The name of the city is derived from two Akkadian words "mal" meaning land, and "lawi" an ancient last name, thus the common English translation "Land of the Levites."

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Kashta

The Hieroglyphic name of Kashta

Kashta was the beginner  of  the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. He  reigned  from  770  B.C.E. until his death in Gebel Barkal in Nubia (contemporary Sudan), but he was taken in much  of  Upper Egypt.  Kashtas queen was Pebatma, probably the mother of his sons, Piankhi (1) (Piye) and Shabaka. His sister or girl,  Amenirdis (1), was called  gods wife of amun, or  Divine  Adoratrice  of Amun, at Thebes, and was followed by Shepenwepet (1). Piankhi succeeded Kashta, who during his rule erected a stela to the god khnum on Elephantine Island. The rule of  Osorkon III (777-749  B.C.E.)  in  the  Deltas 23rd Dynasty, a contemporary royal line, was open by Kashtas move into Upper Egypt.

Kashta

Upper Egypt under Kashta:

While Kashta found Nubia from Napata, which is 400 kilometres north of Khartoum, the latest capital of Sudan, he besides exercised a strong degree of ensure over Upper Egypt by dealing to install his daughter, Amenirdis I, as the credible God's Wife of Amun in Thebes in line to follow the serving Divine Adoratrice of Amun, Shepenupet I, Osorkon III's daughter. This growing was "the key moment in the process of the wing of Kushite power over Egyptian territories" under Kashta's rule since it formally legitimized the Kushite putsch of the Thebaid region The Hungarian Kushite student, L?szl? T?r?k, lines that there were credibly already Kushite garrisons placed in Thebes itself during Kashta's reign both to protect this king's confidence over Upper Egypt and to thwart a manageable future encroachment of this region from Lower Egypt.

Török honors that Kashta's appearance as King of Upper and Lower Egypt and passive takeover of Upper Egypt is advised both "by the fact that the descendants of Osorkon III, Takelot III and Rudamun continued to enjoy a leading social status in Thebes in the second half of the 8th and in the first half of the 7th century" [BCE] as is shown by their sepultures in this city as well as the joint natural action between the Divine Adoratrice Shepenupet I and the god's Wife of Amun Elect Amenirdis I, Kashta's daughter. A stela from Kashta's reign has been learned in Elephantine (modern day Aswan)--at the topical temple dedicated to the god Khnum—which demonstrates to his control of this region. It bears his royal name or prenomen: Nimaatre. Egyptologists today trust that either he or more likely Piye was the Year 12 Nubian king mentioned in a well-known dedication at Wadi Gasus which associates the Adopted god's Adoratice of Amun, Amenirdis, Kashta's daughter together with Year 19 of the serving God's Wife of Amun, Shepenupet. Kashta's reign length is strange. Some sources credit Kashta as the break of the 25th dynasty since he was the first Kushite king known to have expanded his kingdom's influence into Upper Egypt. Under Kashta's reign, the clean Kushite universe of his kingdom, based between the third and fourth Cataracts of the Nile, became rapidly 'Egyptianized' and followed Egyptian traditions, religion and culture Kashta's heir was Piye.

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Abu Hamed

Abu Hamed Location. From Google Maps

Abu Hamed is a place south of the fourth cataract of the Nile in Nubia, modern Sudan, where Tuthmosis I (1504-1492 B.C.E.) campaigned against various groups of Nubians. The Nile changed its run just north of Abu Hamed, refining troop movements and denials. Tuthmosis I applied veteran soldiers and local consultants to establish key positions and  defensive works in order to gain authority in the area.

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Neb

Neb was an Egyptian symbolization, it represents the act of bowing or prostration performed by people before a swayer or the image of a deity. Neb likewise was a hieroglyph translated as the word all, it was yellow on Amulets and Ankh insignias to refer one under the pharaoh and the deities.

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Ka Servant

Symbol of Ka

Ka Servant was the Priest who served in the funerary fad of Ka.

Ka: The Ka was the Egyptian concept of vital essence, which keys the departure between a living and a dead person, with death occurring when the ka provided the body. The Egyptians thought that Khnum produced the bodies of children on a potter's wheel and inserted them into their mothers' bodies. Depending on the region, Egyptians believed that Heqet or Meskhenet was the creator of each person's ka, breathing it into them at the second of their birth as the part of their individual that made them be alive. This resembles the conception of spirit in other faiths.

The Egyptians also trusted that the ka was held through food and drink. For this reason food and drink offerings were introduced to the dead, although it was the kau within the offerings that was consumed, not the physical face. The ka was often described in Egyptian iconography as a second figure of the king, leading earlier works to attempt to transform ka as double.

Ka Servant: The  mortuary  priest  got  by  the broken  and  his  or  her  heirs  to  perform  services  on  a daily basis for the ka. some priests were ordinarily paid by a prearranged talent, sometimes recorded in tomb balls situated at the gravesite. The mortuary temples in the complexes of royal tombs had Ae Tars for the services of these ka servants. A Serdab, a chamber taking statues of the went and designed so that the eyes of each statue  could  learn  the  casual  rituals,  were  involved  in the  tombs  from  an  early  period. The  Egyptian forbidding of nothingness  proclaimed  the  functions  of  the  ka servants. They said the names of the deceased aloud as they took rituals, thus insuring that the dead continuing to live  in  the  hearts  and  minds  of  the  living  and  therefore maintained existence.

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Malik

Nabataeans Kingdom

Malik was the swayer of Nabataea, contemporary Jordan, in the prevail of Cleopatra VII. Maliks personal piscaries were given to Cleopatra VII (130  B.C.E.)  by  Marc  Antony. In  36  B.C.E., Cleopatra VII, learned the pride of the Nabataeans, let the fisheries  on  the  Red  Sea  to  Malik  for  200  talents  per  year, around  $400,000.  In  32  B.C.E., Malik  refused  to pay,  and  she  woke  the  neighboring  ruler,  Herod,  to launch penitentiary busts against the Nabataeans. Herod lost the Battle of Qanawat in this cause.

In  revenge, Maliks flocks reportedly set fire to Cleopatras galleys during her conflict  as  an  ally  of  Marc Antony at Actium. Cleopatra and Marc Antony were later defeated in this naval date by Octavian (Augustus) of Rome, and Egypt gone its independence.

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Abu Gerida

Abu Gerida Location,
source: Google Maps

Abu Gerida is a situation in the east desert of Egypt, used as a gold excavation center in some historical periods. The area  was  originally  researched  and  claimed  by  the  Egyptians, then increased by the Romans as a gold production area.

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Karomama II

Karomama II (full name Karomama Meritmut; too famous as Karomama D, Merytmut II) was an ancient Egyptian queen, Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Takelot II of the 23rd Dynasty of Egypt.

Karomama brought various titles some as King's Wife, King's Daughter, Mistress of Upper and Lower Egypt. She was a daughter of the High Priest of Amun Nimlot C and the lady Tentsepeh C. Her paternal grandparents were pharaoh Osorkon II and queen Djedmutesankh.

Karomama joined pharaoh Takelot II and was mother of King Osorkon III. Karomama likewise was the grandma of both pharaohs Takelot III and Rudamun and of the God's Wife of Amun Shepenupet I Karomama is famous from the Chronicle of Osorkon B at Karnak and the Nile Quay Texts dating to the reign of her son Osorkon III.

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