Khenut

The hieroglyphic
name of Khenut

Khenut was a royal woman of the 5th Dynasty. She was a consort of King Unis (2356-2323 B.C.E.). Khenuts tomb is set close Uniss mortuary temple in Saqqara.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy
·        Medjay

Medjay

The hieroglyphic name of Medjay

Medjay was the name given to wholes of the Nubian (modern Sudanese) effects long in service in Egypt, especially under Kamose of the Seventeenth Dynasty (c. 1550 B.C.E.) when he set about his campaigns to oust the Hyksos from the north territories of the land. Kamose's father, Sekenenre Tao II, had went the war against the Hyksos ruler, Apophis. The Medjay, noted as warriors of cunning and stamina, served as guides for the Egyptians on the marches or at the oases of the Libyan Desert. In  actual  battle they formed  light infantry units and stimulated to the front lines, pleasing in hand-to-hand combat and the butcher of the foe.

When Ahmose (1550-1525 B.C.E.), the brother of Kamose and the give of the Eighteenth Dynasty and the New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.E.), attacked the Hyksos capital of Avaris, the Medjay were again at his lateral. When the war complete successfully, the Medjay went the backbone of the newly  formed state police in times of peace. Some of the members, men untold as Dedu, great  themselves and were given higher political and government posts. Tuthmosis III (1479-1425  B.C.E.) established a temple to Dedun, the Nubian god who was probably patron of the Nubian parades. The Medjay are connected with the pan-grave people in southern Egypt  and Lower Nubia. Denotations are that these troops served as guardians of the viceroy of Kush and various fortresses. The particular  Medjay forces are recorded as early as the 6th Dynasty (2323-2150 B.C.E.)  when  they  were  used as paid troops.

Recent Posts:



·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu
·        Alchemy

Alchemy

Alchemy is a term gained from the ancient Egyptian accomplishment in the working of worthy metals, alchemy has a modern occult shape. The word is derived from the Arabic al-kimia the art of Khemet, Khem, or Kamt, which means the Black Land Egypt. Alchemy  is thus the Art of Egypt.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir
·        Khentiamentiu

Khentiamentiu

The hieroglyphic
name of Khentiamentiu

Khentiamentiu was a inspired being of Egypt, the forerunner of the god Osiris, dating to Predynastic Periods (before 3,000 B.C.E.). called  the champion of the Westerners, he was shown as a Jackal. The title shows that Khentiamentiu was connected with the mortuary rituals as a  guardian of the dead, who went to the West. Ordinarily the necropolis areas were located on the western shore  of the Nile. Sometimes covered as Ophis, Khentiamentiu was a warrior deity and the sailing master for the suns daily voyage in the Tuat, or Underworld. His cultic enshrines were in Abydos and Assiut, and he was sometimes  related  with Wepwawet, the wolf deity. His fad was popular in the First Dynasty (2920-2770  B.C.E.). The pyramid texts of the Fourth Dynasty (2575-2465  B.C.E.) associated Khentiamentiu with Osiris. presently after, Osiris got the foremost  of  the  Westerners, and the Khentiamentiu fad disappeared.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent
·        Medir

Medir

Medir was the regulator of the 3rd Dynasty. He attended in the dominate of Djoser (2630-2611 B.C.E.). Medir was governor of close territories in Upper Egypt. When the Nile passed to rise and deluge the land over a span of years, Djoser confabulated with Medir, and with his vizier of Memphis, Imhotep, seeking repairs from them both. The two advocates proposed that Djoser should visit Elephantine Island, because he had seen the god Khnum in one of his aspirations. Khnums cult center was on the Elephantine. Djoser visited the enshrine and made certain resorts and pluses, and the Nile flooded the land presently after. This event was recorded on the famine stela at Sehel Island in a later era.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka
·        Neferhent

Neferhent

Neferhent was a royal woman of the Twelfth Dynasty. She was a check of senwosret II (1897-1878 B.C.E.). Her tomb in el-Lahun took two maceheads, intentional out of granite and quartz. Neferhent was the mother of sit-hathor yunet.

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara
·        Khentetka

Khentetka

The hieroglyphic
name of Khentetka

Khentetka was a royal woman of the 4th Dynasty. She  was  a secondary queen of Radjedef (2528-2520 B.C.E.).  A statue of Khentetka was recovered from the undone pyramid of Radjedef in Abu Rowash. Her stays have  not been found, but a newly saw pyramid on the place may be her tomb.

The Pyramid of Djedefre at Abu Roash

Recent Posts:



·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer
·        Alara

Alara

The cartouche of Alara
in the stela of Nastasen

 Alara, the divine ruler of Napata, in Nubia The kingdom of Napata, set in Nubia, modern Sudan, observed  Egyptian  traditions  in  divine,  social,  and governmental  affairs.  Alara  was  the  brother  of  Kashta, who  set up  the  25th Dynasty  of  Egypt,  ruling from 770 to 750 B.C.E. Kashta and his replacement, Piankhi (1), ruled only a part of Egypt in their lives. The Napatans  would  later  claim  all  of  Egypt  when  Shabaka marched  north  in  712  B.C.E. and  conquered  the entire the Nile Valley. Alaras daughter, Tabiry, the mother of Shabaka, married Piankhi. Alaras wife was a noble woman named Kassaga.

Recent Posts:



·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti
·        Nefer

Nefer

Nefer (Formal, Fifth Dynasty, Old Kingdom, c. 2400 BC) was the basic son of Kahay, a singer in the royal court who drew the attention of the king who, to show him favour, had his son learned with the young princes. This had the effect of positioning Nefer most well for the advancement of his career.

Nefer came from a family of musicians and hereditary many of his fathers duties in directing the music for the court observances. In addition he was addressed to higher offices in the service of the royal administration. These involved Controller of the Singers and Examiner of the essential House and the Artisans Workshop, and Nefer was as well rewarded with the title Keeper of the Secrets of the King. The net mark of favour shown to him by the king, plausibly Niuserre, with whom he had grown up, was the planning of a fine rock-cut tomb for himself and his home at Saqqara.

The tomb is a delightful compendium of the pleasances of the lifestyle of a well come out Egyptian of the late Old Kingdom, of which there can have been hardly a more preferred existences. In the cheerfully dressed chambers Nefer and the members of his family are presented enjoying country pursuits on their farm in Upper Egypt, being delighted, appropriately enough, by a little orchestra and with their family favourites, taking on their dog, an Egyptian hound, and a big baboon which assists with the wine-harvest and directs the crewmen loading Nefers boat.

Nefer plausibly died c. 2400 BC. Since his grave was not one of the first grandness it was buried during the establishing of the Causeway for King Unas pyramid, thus resulting in its conservation until modern times. Different members of his family were entombed in the tomb, which controls one of the oldest and best preserved mummies in Egypt.

Recent Posts:



·        Nectanebo II (380-363 BC)
·        Khensuhotep
·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar
·        Khentemsemti

Khentemsemti

Khentemsemti was a excavation  and royal treasury official of the 12th Dynasty. He served Amenemhet II (1929-1892 B.C.E.) as a royal treasurer and a leader of jaunts to mines and quarries.  Khentemsemti  left  an  dedication  about  one  such excursion on Elephantine Island at Aswan.

Recent Posts:


·        Nectanebo II (380-363 BC)
·        Khensuhotep
·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians
·        Medinet Habu Calendar

Medinet Habu Calendar

Medinet Habu Calendar

This was the most elaborate showing of a calendar prior to the Ptolemaic Period (304-30  B.C.E.), a unique look of the Medinet Habu temple set up by Ramses III (1194-1163  B.C.E.) at Thebes. During the rule of Ramesses III the fetes rewarding the God Amun were presented at Medinet Habu. The Medinet Habu Calendar was entered  during Ramesses III's 12th regnal year. The calendar lists full of the so-addressed feasts of paradise, celebrations observing the Theban deity, Amun. Some of the fetes listed appear as newly established holidays designed to cheer the Egyptians of the era.

Recent Posts:



·        Nectanebo II (380-363 BC)
·        Khensuhotep
·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III
·        Akkadians

Akkadians

Akkad, ancient realm in what is now important Iraq. Akkad was the northwestern partition of ancient Babylonian refinement. The region was placed roughly in the sphere where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are smallest to each other, and its northern limit great beyond the line of the modern cities of Al-Fallujah and Baghdad. The early inhabitants of this region were predominantly Semitic, and their speech is called Akkadian. To the south of the area of Akkad lay Sumer, the southeastern division of ancient Babylonia, which was settled by a non-Semitic people known as Sumerians.

The name of Akkad was taken from the city of Agade, which was established by the Semitic conqueror Sargon in about 2300 bce. Sargon linked the different city-states in the region and gone his rule to cover much of Mesopotamia. After the pass of Sargons dynasty in about 2150 bce, the central Iraq region was subject by a state jointly composed of Sumerians and Akkadians. Secondary the kings of Akkad, their Semitic language, famous as Akkadian, became a literary language that was written with the cuneiform system of writing. Akkadian is the oldest Semitic dialect still saved.

Recent Posts:



·        Khenemsu
·        Ancient Egyptian Doctors
·        Nectanebo II (380-363 BC)
·        Khensuhotep
·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II
·        Khentkaus III

Khentkaus III

The hieroglyphic
name of Khentkaus III

Khentkaus III, often called Khentakawess III by news media, was an ancient Egyptian queen who lived during the Fifth Dynasty, around 2450 BC.

Khentkaus was very probable a daughter of king Neferirkare Kakai and queen Khentkaus II, while her husband was as belike pharaoh Neferefre, and her son the future pharaoh Menkauhor Kaiu.

On January 4, 2015, the uncovering of her tomb by Czech archeologists was announced by Egyptian authorities. According to Egyptian Antiquities Minister Mamdouh Eldamaty, there had been no knowledge of the existence of Khentkaus III before this discovery. Two earlier Egyptian pansies with the same name have been described previously, however.

The tomb of Khentkaus III  marked as AC 30  was excavated in Abusir, where there are individual pyramids gave to pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty, including Neferefre. The tomb was saw near Neferefre's funerary complex by a Czech archaeological team extended by Miroslav Barta of Charles University in Prague, with Egyptian collaboration.

The name and rank of Khentkaus was graphic on the inner walls of the tomb, probable by the builders. Her burial direct is a mastaba with an secret burial chamber that is reached via a tool. The eases in the tomb noted her both as "the wife of the king" and "the mother of the king", meaning her son climbed up the throne. Statuettes and 24 travertine utensils, on with 4 copper utensils (which were part of the funerary targets), likewise have been got in the tomb. The tomb is seen to the middle of the 5th Dynasty.

The archaeologists who exposed the tomb believed it to be that of Neferefre's wife, because it was good to his complex, in a close cemetery southeastern of the complex. Eldamaty stated: "This discovery will supporter us shed light on particular strange aspects of the 5th Dynasty, which on with the 4th Dynasty, witnessed the construction of the first pyramids."

Recent Posts:


·        Khenemsu
·        Ancient Egyptian Doctors
·        Nectanebo II (380-363 BC)
·        Khensuhotep
·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II
·        Pyramid of Khentkaus II

Pyramid of Khentkaus II

The Pyramid of Khentkaus II

The Pyramid of Khentkaus II is a pyramid in the necropolis of Abousir in Egypt, which was established during the Fifth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. It is ascribed to the queen Khentkaus II, who whitethorn have ruled Egypt as a reigning queen after the end of her husband Neferirkare. The pyramid is now a hard notorious ruin, which only stands 4 metres upper.

The area of the pyramid of Khentkaus II, immediately south of the pyramid complex of Neferirkare was first explored at the first of the 20th century by Ludwig Borchardt, who likewise found continues of the complex, which he incorrectly identified as a double mastaba after implementing some soundings.

Excited by the breakthrough of a papyrus fragment from the 5th dynasty, the Czech archaeologist Miroslav Verner enquired the previously undiscovered area during the diggings which he attempted in Abousir with his team from 1975 to 1980. In the shape he saw that it was not a mastaba at whole, but a small pyramid complex.

Through his diggings, Verner was able to clearly assign the social system to a queen named Khentkaus. It was not initially clear whether this was the same several as Khentkaus I of the 4th dynasty whose grave (de) is at Giza. Both Khentkaus I and Khentkaus II had an special title which indicated that they had ruled Egypt in person. From the archaeological setting, however, it was viable to date the pyramid at Abousir to he 5th dynasty and to place the proprietor of the pyramid with the wife of Neferirkare: Khentkaus II.

Building of the pyramid of Khentkaus II started in the reign of her husband Neferirkare and appears to have been primitively planned as a clean queen's pyramid within the pyramid complex of Neferirkare. Letterings from this phase of the expression give the name of Khentkaus with the title "Royal Wife." Between the tenth and 11th regnal year of the king there was a transfer in the establishing work, which had passed the peak of the grave chamber roof by this point. The cause for the change was probably the death of the king.

Although the continuance of construction during the subsequent short dominate of Neferefre cannot be eliminated, there is very little show for it.

Only under Nyuserre Ini does work seem to have summed on the complex. On dedications from this time, Khentkaus' title is "Queen mother." In this eriod, the pyramid was good, a temple was raised in two phases and the rest of the complex was developed.

There is also an dedication from this time, which gives her title as Mw.t-nsw-bj.tj-nsw-bj.tj, which might be read as "Mother of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt and King of Upper and Lower Egypt" or as "Mother of two kings of Upper and Lower Egypt." The first rendering would indicate that Khentkaus II had ruled as monarch in her own right for leastwise a short time - a possibleness which is likewise supported by the depicting of her with the symbolisation of the king.

The pyramid had a base which careful 25 metres by 25 metres and, if its side was the 52 angle which was usual for pyramids in the 5th dynasty, then it would have been about 17 ms tall. The core of the pyramid was formed by three levels of small limestone blocks, which were held in concert by clay morter. This substantial was the left over remains of the material abused to build Neferirkare's pyramid. The core looks to have been covered with a fine Tura limestone cladding. The top of the pyramid was formed by a grey-black granite pyramidion, fragments of which were found in the ruins.

In the first phase of expression, under Neferirkare, the core structure of the pyramid was established, but the cladding and the mortuary temple were not brought. The archaeological evidence evokes that the cladding was first supplied at the same time as the limestone mortuary temple was built, under Niuserre.

The pyramid structure has been heavily broken by spoliation, such that the destroys are now only 4 metres higher. The weak masonry work and light quality material helped both destruction by quarrying and wearing.

The foundation of the pyramid is a flat, open tomb which is very clearly kept. From the north, a corridor falls for about half its length, then covers on the horizontal and turns slightly to the east. Short before the burial chamber there is a granite fall-trap. The grave chamber itself was pointed in an east-west direction. The making material for the passageway and the chamber was small blocks of clean limestone. The ceiling of the grave chamber was flat and made from massive limestone blocks.

The chamber itself is hard damaged, but fragments of a pink granite sarcophagus have been saw. Some of the ski bindings from the mummy and fragments of alabaster great goods were also saw. These stays indicate that the pyramid was so used as the queen's final breathing place.

The pyramid of Khenkaus II had its own individual pyramid complex and was not start of the pyramid complex of Khentkaus' husband Neferirkare. The complex contains all significant elements necessary for the maintenance of a ruler fad. Thus far, a causeway and a valley temple have not been described.

Recent Posts:


·        Akhlane
·        Medicine in Ancient Egypt
·        Kemsit
·        Akhmin (Khemmis)
·        Ancient Egyptian Surgery
·        Khenemsu
·        Ancient Egyptian Doctors
·        Nectanebo II (380-363 BC)
·        Khensuhotep
·        Nefat
·        Khentkaus I
·        Khentkaus II