Pyramids of Niuserre Izi

Pyramid of Niuserre Izi

A trade off – the remainder of the pyramids worked here, and worked between different structures, practically against the north mass of neferirkare's funeral home sanctuary, so it is fairly enclosed

Caleld "The spots of Nisuerre are persevering"

Valley sanctuary exists, however is exceptionally destroyed. The flor was initially around 5m underneath the present ground level and manufactured aopon an establishment initially alid by Neferirkare just like the boulevard.

Thoroughfare has not been completely uncovered and part of it prompts the funeral home sanctuary and lower segment to Neferirkare's pyramid.

Funeral home sanctuary is little and molded as a L, althoug it is in the typical place. External dividers are somewhat disposed with a curved cornice.

Numerous reliefs from the inside of the sanctuary were found, as a rule the standard "destroying" scenes.. enormous structures on the nothereast and southeast corners reference Sahur'e sun sanctuary (never found). These towers may have been the forerunner of the arches in later sanctuaries.

The pyramid has a seven step corre of local limestone. Originally 52m tall, with base length of 81md. The corners of the pyramid are anchorered to the foundation and the pyramid was cased in white limestone.

Entrance on the nother at ground level with a limestone-lined corridor reinforeced with pink granite at each end. No remains were found in the pyramid.
Burial chamber is slightly beneath ground level and under the foundation stones. Both antechamber and burial chamber have saddle ceilings – 3 layers of limestone blocks set in place from above.

A paved courtyard around the pyramid is narrower on the south side (due to the mortuary temple of neferirkare). Also a cult pyramid. Blocked with rubble, cannot be entered Niuserre was the sixth king of Dynasty V and built his pyramid complex at Abusir, to the north-east and very close to that of his father Neferirkare. This king had a long reign - at least 10 years but possibly as much as 30 years or more, suggested by heb-sed reliefs in his Abu Ghurob sun-temple. It was probably Niuserre who completed the mortuary monuments of his father Neferirkare, his mother Queen Khentkawes and his brother Neferefre.

Pyramid of Niuserre   Pyramid of Niuserre showing construction
Niuserre's pyramid, called 'The Places of Niuserre are Established', was originally constructed in seven steps and encased in fine white limestone. Today it is badly deteriorated, but originally reached a height of around 51.5m. The corners of the structure, which had a base measurement of about 80m, were reinforced and some of the casing blocks still survive on the south-east corner. The entrance to the pyramid is on the northern side at ground level and from here a trench was dug out for the access corridor which descended down to a vestibule and was blocked by three granite portcullis slabs. Beyond the vestibule the passage descended less steeply, turning slightly towards the east and was blocked in the centre by more granite slabs. The passage led into an antechamber with the burial chamber to the west, both with vaulted ceilings of huge limestone blocks.

Lying directly under the pyramid's vertical axis, and slightly below ground level, the antechamber and burial chamber were robbed for their stone and are now virtually destroyed. Niuserre's monument was first visited by Perring, Lepsius and then Ludwig Borchardt, who excavated there in the early 1900s but due to the poor condition of the subterranean chambers, found no trace of the burial or funerary goods.

Both the limestone asphalt encompassing the pyramid and the lord's funeral home sanctuary are unpredictably set, most likely to a great extent because of the confinements of space and geography. The funeral home sanctuary on the eastern side of the landmark was based on a raised establishment in view of the inclining ground and is moved toward the south, with just the asylum and false entryway stela in the conventional eastern position. Five statue specialties and magazines flanked the offering corridor, whose vaulted roof was initially finished with painted reliefs of stars, with scenes and engravings on the dividers. Toward the south of the offering lobby was a square enlivened chamber with a solitary section in its middle which a short time later ended up noticeably standard in funeral home sanctuaries. This driven into a five-niched house of prayer and toward the north of these Borchardt discovered pieces of a stone statue of a prostrate lion (now in Cairo Museum). A transverse corridor had steps driving down to another transverse lobby and the external parts of the sanctuary.


Mortuary temple of Niuserre   Looking south towards the pyramids of Niuserre and Neferirkare
The outer area of the temple consisted of a large open courtyard with a pavement of black basalt and surrounded by sixteen granite papyrus columns which supported the ambulatory ceiling. The columns were inscribed with the king's name and titles and representations of the goddess Wadjet in the northern half and Nekhbet in the southern half. The ceiling slabs were decorated with golden stars on a deep blue background and traditional reliefs of the king decorated the side walls. A long entrance hall, also paved with basalt and decorated with reliefs, had five magazines on either side and a staircase leading to a roof terrace. Only fragments of the rich reliefs from the mortuary temple have been found because this area was also badly damaged by stone robbers.

Two large towers appear at the south-east and north-east corners of the pyramid, innovative structures which appear to be the precursors of pylon gateways which were a major part of all later Egyptian temples. Builders inscriptions from these structures suggest that stone from Sahure's unfinished sun-temple may have been used in their construction.

Niuserre fabricated a satellite pyramid at the south-east corner inside its own fenced in area divider. Borchardt had found an unexplained square stage on the north-eastern edge of the lord's pyramid, connecting one of the "arch" structures. In unearthings close-by amid the 1970s the Czech group found a huge stone pyramidion which had initially been sheathed in copper and proposed that it might have originated from a monolith for which the stage was a base. This likewise may have originated from Sahure's sun-sanctuary as it is one of a kind in funeral home sanctuary engineering.

Niuserre usurped the establishments which had been set up for Neferirkare's interstate and valley sanctuary. Niuserre's boulevard measures around 365m long and driven from his funeral home sanctuary running first towards the south-east and after that towards the east to utilize Neferirkare's establishments in the lower half. Amid Dynasty XII the high base of the upper portion of the highway was utilized to build tombs of the clerics of Niuserre's morgue faction, which Borchardt researched amid his unearthings.

The valley temple is now completely covered by sand but it was situated, like the other lower temples on the edge of a canal known as 'Abusir Lake'. The causeway led into the temple which may have contained statues of the king in niches and there have also been other statue fragments found, including an alabaster head of Queen Repetnebu and a large granite lion. A staircase led to the roof and a central portico with eight columns gave entrance to the harbour ramp on the eastern side.
Lepsius recorded two badly destroyed small pyramids to the south of Niuserre's pyramid (Lepsius XXIV and XXV). In the past few seasons the Czech Institute have carried out consolidation of crumbling masonry and trial diggings at these two badly ruined pyramids. The first (Lepsius XXIV) is thought to belong to a consort of Neferefre or Niuserre. The second pyramid (Lepsius XXV) is also thought to belong to a consort of Niuserre and here remnants of Graeco-Roman burials have been found. Work on these two pyramids is still continuing.

Niuserre Izi (2445-2421)

Niuserre Izi or Izi (Niuserre) was the 6th ruler of the Dyn. V. He managed Ancient Egypt from 2416 till 2392 BC, and is celebrated for both his sunlight based sanctuary at Abu Gorab and his pyramid at Abu Sir. The reliefs in the internment assembly of his pyramid portray his military battles against Libyan adversaries in the Western Desert and against the Asiatics in Sinai. He exited an engraving at Wadi Maghara which filled in as a manual for the mineral mines of the locale. His two spouses, Reputneb and Khentikus, were covered close him at Abu Sir.

Niuserre was the second child of Neferirkare and Khentkaus II to have climbed to the position of authority. He was hitched to a lady named Reput-Nebu, of whom a statue was found in the valley-sanctuary associated with his and Neferirkare's pyramid complex. It is not known whether he had any kids (that out-lived him).

The Turin King-rundown is to some degree harmed at the point where Niuserre's name is specified, and just enables us to express that he governed for over 10 years. The most astounding known year reference is dated to the time of the seventh year check. On the off chance that the steers tallies were held at customary two year interims, this would be the thirteenth year of his rule.

The 44 years credited to him by Manetho is considered unreliable. The representation of a Sed-festival found in his solar-temple may indicate that he ruled at least for 30 years, although its is also possible that this representation refers to the magical rejuvenation of the king after his death.

An inscription found in the Sinai shown Niuserre triumphant over his enemies. It is debatable whether this inscription refers to an actual victory of Niuserre, or whether it was merely symbolic. It does, however, show that Niuserre was active in the Sinai.

He built a solar-temple, named Shesepu-ib-re, in Abu Gurab, a kilometre or more to the North of Abusir. Not only is this the biggest and most complete solar-temple, it is also the only one that was constructed completely of stone. The many finely carved reliefs that remain show the king during a Sed-festival and the world as created by the solar god, with representations of the seasons and the provinces of Egypt. With the reign of Niuserre, the solar-cult appears to have come to its summit.

The pyramid-complex of Niuserre is situated at Abusir, between the pyramids of Sahure and Neferirkare. rather than building his own particular valley sanctuary, he had his pyramid complex associated with the valley sanctuary of Neferirkare.

Izi (Niuserre) was the 6th ruler of the Dyn. V. He administered Ancient Egypt from 2416 till 2392 BC, and is well known for both his sun powered sanctuary at Abu Gorab and his pyramid at Abu Sir. The reliefs in the internment assembly of his pyramid portray his military battles against Libyan opponents in the Western Desert and against the Asiatics in Sinai. He cleared out an engraving at Wadi Maghara which filled in as a manual for the mineral mines of the area. His two spouses, Reputneb and Khentikus, were covered close him at Abu Sir.

King Niuserre (meaning: "Possessed by the Power of Re") was the sixth king of the 5th Dynasty. His Horus name was probably pronounced Setibtawy (seen within a serek in picture right). It's not known exactly how long he ruled Egypt because the Turin Canon is damaged a this very point. Is reign lasted at the least 10 years, probably twice that time, but Manetho's 44 years looks a big too long. There are indications of a more than 30-year reign from his solar temple at Abu Gurab (northern Abusir) where a Sed-fetival is mentioned. Egyptologists have figures between 11 and 31 years. A fragment from a statue in his valley temple states that his first queen had the name Reput-Nebu. Though written remains are scares we have reason to believe that ha was active in all the fields as the other kings from this period. That is - mining in the Sinai, making military campaigns against Libyans and Nubians, trading with Punt for malachite, myrrh, spices etc.  

  

The last expedition of trade to the area around the southern part of the Red Sea is attested for and remains with his name have also been found in Byblos in Syria as well on the island of Elefantine in Aswan at the south border of the country facing Nubia.

Pyramids of Neferefre

Examined by Perring, Lepsius, De Morgan, Borchardt.

“Unfinished Pyramid”

Pyramid of Neferefre

It would appear that a mastaba tomb, however was square and not rectantulr (nor n-s arranged like mastabas. What was arranged as a pyramid turned into a seat like structure. It was just in the 1970s that it was affirmed to be a pyramid having a place with Neferefre and that he had infact been covered here.

Called "Heavenly is Neferefre's energy".

The underground pit was burrowed for the internment load and the plummeting passageway. At that point liestone squares were laid as a foundadtio, lastly the center was assembled.

Center is level layers around 1m high, with an external mantle of expansive unpleasant blcosk up to 5m long. These were staeked to make the main center stride around 7m high. Dirt mortar was utilized. Inward squares were littler. Amongst inward and oute rlayers of the center was fil of sand, rubble, dirt, and stone sections.

A roof terrace made it easy for robbers to steal the stone – they simply dug down from above, probably in the first intermediate period. Stone were used in nearby shaft tombs by the Persians. Stones continued to disappear into the 19^th century.

Entrance on the north side, near ground level. Curves slightly to the se before reaching the antechamber and is lined with pink granite. The barrior block has interlocked jaws and is unique to this pyramid.

A pink granit sarcophagus was found, and four alabaster canopic containers, parts of a mummy. Most likely of a 20-23 year old man, potentially of Neferefre. Morgue sanctuary toward the east (adjusted north south) of white limestone entered by a stairway and slope on the woutheast. A radical new area was included later (amid the rule of Niuserre). An expansive number of papyrus reports (2000 pieces) were found in the new piece of the sanctuary. Southern piece of the expansion contains the principal hypostyle corridor of this age.

Encased in a block divider fortified with limestone monolisths in the corners. A slaughteryard was found before the woutheast fenced in area divider, with adjusted corner mudbrick dividers.

Hours: 8am-4pm, LE10

One of four pyramid edifices

Just a low hill remains,, an incomplete center, never encased in limestone

Authoritatively opened in 1999

Neferefre ruled gone before by Nyussere.

Abusir is a pyramid field on the west bank of the Nile to the north of Saqqara where many of the Dynasty V pharaohs chose to site their burial monuments. The Pyramid of Neferefre is at the southern end of the site. Neferefre (sometimes known as Raneferef) was the eldest son of Neferirkare and the fourth or fifth king of Dynasty V (depending where the shadowy king Sheseskare fits in). Neferefre came to the throne at a young age and had barely begun to construct his pyramid complex next to that of his father, when he died after a reign of only a few years, probably in his early 20s.

Pyramid and funeral home sanctuary of Neferefre Pyramid and morgue sanctuary of Neferefre. Until unearthings were started by the Prague University Egyptology Institute in 1974 little was known about Neferefre. At the point when his funerary sanctuary on the eastern side of the landmark was found it uncovered critical papyri from the file, giving genuinely necessary data and in addition statuary of the ruler. Other critical papyri (Abusir Papyri of Neferirkare) have been found at Abusir and it was these which gave data about Neferefre's pyramid and the way that it had been quickly finished to work as an internment landmark by the ruler's more youthful sibling, Niuserre.

Neferefre's pyramid had a construct estimation of 65m in light of each side however just the initial step of the center had been finished at the lord's demise, resembling a low mastaba and now rising just a couple meters over the leave. The pyramid appears to have been hurriedly topped with rocks and mud mortar on its level top. The entombment chamber was worked in a pit with an expansive trench driving from the northern side of the pyramid and albeit devastated, late unearthings have delivered finds proposing that the underground parts of the pyramid were finished when of the lord's internment. Pieces of a red rock sarcophagus and sections of canopic jugs have been found alongside mummy and bone parts.

Excavations of the mortuary temple on the eastern side of the pyramid have been more fruitful, revealing an extensive mudbrick structure which surrounded an original small stone building. We know that Neferefre's younger brother Niuserre completed the cult chapels in the second stage of construction which extended along the whole eastern side of the pyramid and included an early form of hypostyle hall. In a third building phase a columned courtyard was added which formed an L-shape with a structure known as the 'Sanctuary of the Knife' (a name found in texts) which was a slaughterhouse for sacrificial animals. Inside the extended area of the mortuary temple were storage magazines in which archaeologists found two wooden model funerary boats with thousands of carnelian beads. Among many other artefacts found in the mortuary temple, was a fragment of a beautiful statuette of Neferefre, sculpted in limestone and painted, depicting a young king wearing a short black wig and being embraced by a Horus falcon (now in Cairo Museum). Other discoveries included the papyri temple archive and ceramics inscribed with the king's name.

There is so far no evidence of a causeway or valley temple for Neferefre, lending further weight to the suggestion that the king's burial was completed in haste in an improvised tomb.