Meidum

Meidum Pyramid

Meidum, a  site  close  the  Faiyum served  as  a royal  necropolis  for  the  3rd  and  Fourth  Dynasties.  A step Pyramid at Meidum was probably began by Huni (2599–2575  B.C.E.)  and  completed  by  Snefru (2575–2551  B.C.E.).  This  pyramid  was  put up  on  an earthen  platform  and  was  composed  originally  of  eight layers. The construction gave some time afterwards, possibly as late as  the  New  Kingdom  (1550–1070  B.C.E.).  The outer casing, yet, was damaged and broke during  construction.  The  mummies  of  several  individuals were discovered in the leading debris. Inside transitions and  chambers  led  to  a  vertical  shaft  and  a  burial  room, which  was  lined  with  limestone.  The  remains  of  a wooden coffin were exposed in this corbeled chamber, and a mortuary temple was also found on the east side of the pyramid, holding two oval stelae. A causeway as well taken to a valley temple.

A  series  of  Dynasty 4  (2575–2465  B.C.E.) mastaba tombs  surround  the  pyramid,  some  holding amazing reliefs and statuary. The known Meidum geese paintings  were  part  of  the  reliefs  in  the  tomb  of  Neferma'at and  his  wife  Atet.  Nearby,  the  mastaba  of  Prince Rahotep and his married woman Nofret contained a different portrait style statue aggroup. The paintings and statues are in the  Egyptian  Museum  in  Cairo.  A  Dynasty 5 (2465–2323 B.C.E.) mummy was likewise found in Meidum.

Herakleopolis Magna

Heracleopolis Magna

Herakleopolis Magna, a site south of Meidum at the entrance to the Faiyum, now Ihnasiyah el-Medineh, originally called Nen-nesut, Nenen-nesut, or Ninsu by the Egyptians, Herakleopolis was the capital of the twentieth nome of Upper Egypt and the cult center for Harsaphes (Her-shef). 

Herakleopolis dominion has been named that figure in telling to the Greek idol hero "Herakles" who Greeks paired with the main region idol "Hershef" or "Hersphes" which represents the head of a drive. Most of the region is located on the island between the Nile and Bahr Youssef, and bounded on the north by  Arsinoite dominion, and Oxyrhynchites from the south and  it  match  Herakleopolis  region  with  current  Beni  Suef province, and even beyond. This region has a great grandness since  prehistoric  times;  through  private  historic  ages  when  it became  the  capital  Herakleopolis  Magna  "Ehnasya"  is  the political capital of the country in the "Ehnasya age" during the epoch of the two families ninth and tenth, and continued until the Graeco-Romans time.

Ruined columns at
Herakleopolis Magna

The  place  was  occupied  as  early  as  the  1st Dynasty (2920–2770 B.C.E.) but rose to prominence in the First  Intermediate  Period  (2134–2040  B.C.E.).  The  name Herakleopolis Magna was added upon the site by the swayer of the Ptolemaic Period (304–30 B.C.E.). In the First Intermediate  Period,  Herakleopolis  was  the  home  of  the Khety (Aktoy)  clan.  During  the  Khety  period  of  rule (2134–2040  B.C.E.),  a  canal  linked  Herakleopolis  Magna to  Memphis.  Montuhotep  II  rounded  the  site  in  2040 B.C.E. when he started his campaign to reunify Egypt.

Harsaphes's temple,  a  ram-headed  deity,  was restored  at  Herakleopolis  Magna  by  Ramses II (1290–1224 B.C.E.). A granite triad of Ramses II, Ptah, and Harsaphes was also erected in Herakleopolis Magna. An  Old  Kingdom  (2575–2134  B.C.E.)  enshrine  and  a necropolis, Gebel El-Sidmant, are on the site.

Hawara

Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Hawara

Hawara  was  a  royal  necropolis  in  the  south area  of  the  Faiyum used  by  the Dynasty 12.  The pyramidal  complex  of  Amenemhet III (1844–1797 B.C.E.), a monument named the Labyrinth that served as the mortuary temple of the pyramid, was raised on the site.  The  temple  reportedly  contained  3000  chambers related by ranging passages, shafts, and corridors on subterranean  levels.  The  burial  chamber  was  designed out of a single part of quartzite, estimated by Herodotus in Egypt c. 450 B.C.E., as weighing different tons.

The  Labyrinth  had  twelve  covered  courts,  facing  south and north. Herodotus toured the upper and lower levels and named the complex. All of the walls were decorated with reliefs, and white marble columns were used throughout. No causeway or valley temple was erected. Sobekneferu (1787–1783  B.C.E.),  a  manageable  daughter  of Amenemhet  III,  completed  the  pyramid  for  her  father. Little rests of the structure. A nearby necropolis contained wax portraits and tombs dating to the later Greco-Roman Periods.

Hawara is the place of the massive pyramid of Amenemhat III, a twelve Dynasty (Middle Kingdom, 1204–1604 B.C.E.) pharaoh. The complex  was  knew in ancient times for its great labyrinth, a temple complex peripheral the pyramid, described by ancient travelers as a vast, obscure maze of streets and buildings.  According to legend, it inspired Dedalus  to create the labyrinth of Crete.  Among other things, the Hawara labyrinth was the location of a temple to Sobek, the feared  local crocodile deity.  

Hawara was also a necropolis – nowadays famous for its strikingly realistic funerary portraits.  Funerals were apparently a major business in Hawara, and most of the people involved in the takes in this case were connected to this industry.  Calling themselves “god’s sealants and embalmers,” they owned parts in the necropolis  of Hawara and nearby burial grounds, these parts were, in fact, transferable, just like real property.