King Djedefre (2528-2520)

Granite head of King Djedefre

King Djedefre was the third Pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty and ruled the country from 2528 BC to  2520 BC. He was the son of King Khufu from one of his microscopic wives, and killed his own brother, Prince Kewab, who was the true successor to the throne. He married Hetepheres , who was the widow woman of his murdered brother. His chief wife was Kentetenka. His pyramid was learned at Abu Rowash in Giza. Kheops was followed by Djedefre, his oldest surviving son. The mother of Djedefre is unknown. He married his (half-) sister Hetepheres II, which whitethorn have been to legitimise his needs to the
Cartouche of King Djedefre
throne if his mother was one of Kheops lesser wives. He too had another wive, Khentet-en-ka with whom he had (at least) three boys, Setka, Baka and Hernet and one daughter, Neferhetepes. The Turin King-list credits him with a prevail of 8 years, but the sharpest known year registered to during this reign was the year of the 11th oxen count. This would mean that Djedefre ruled for at least 11 years, if the cattle counts were anual, or 21 years if the cattle counts were biennal.

He was the first king to use the title "Son of Re" as part of his titular which is seen as an meter reading of the raising popularity of the cult of the solar god Re. He continued the move north by building his incomplete pyramid at Abu Rawash, some 8 km to the North of Giza. It is the northern Most part of the Memphite cemetery. Djedefre was the third king of the 4th Dynasty and governed the country from 2528 BC to  2520 BC. He was the son of Khufu from one of his Small wives, and killed his own brother, Prince Kewab, who was the rightful heir to the throne. He married Hetepheres , who was the widow of his late brother. His chief wife was Kentetenka. His pyramid was discovered at Abu Rowash in Giza. Khufu was succeeded by his latest son Djedefre. He married his half sister Hetepheres II, in all probability to get a claim to the throne since his mother was one of his father's secondary wives whose name is not known.

Beside his half sister Djedefre besides had different wives, and with one of them, Khentet-en-ka, he had leastways 3 sons, Setka, Baka and Hernet and one daughter girl, Neferhetepes. The Turin King-list credits him with a rule of 8 years which is in line with the appraisals made by the Egyptologists today.  He was the first Pharaoh to role the title "Son of Re" among his others, which is seen as an indication of the growing popularity of the cult of the solar god Re from Heliopolis. This god had passed in a king's figure already in the second dynasty (Nebre/Reneb). He moved north to build his pyramid, to Abu Rawash, some 8 km to the north of Giza, and the grounds can be that there was no particular area forgot at the site. He named it "The pyramid is a Sehedu-star". The tomb was unfinished when he died and today its groundwork is dug out to get excess for visitors.

The pyramid area was closed by a wall and at the NW corner a smaller satellite pyramid was developed, likely for the king's first queen. The work stopped when nearly 20 courses were in set, and some casing of granite is still on the spot. What sort of pyramid it was supposed to be is not clear and the constructed angle obtained by positioning case blocks i place says that it was far steeper than the pyramids at Giza. One theory is that he had a step pyramid in brain, or a mastaba. Estimations of the height so varies from 57 to 67 metres calculated by help from the base side that is identified by its length - 106 m.  A causeway taking down to the Nile, a plastic of 1.700 meters, is going in the direction northwest by the memorial due to the topography. It's still total in some sections and partly he,wn out straightaway from the rock and coming 10-12 metres above the surround. His mortuary temple lay at the south side of the pyramid and was a social system of brick possibly lonely when the king died, and not implied as a shrine from the appears of it. At the side was a pit for a funeral boat but like his father had at Giza. The wonder why he moved from Giza has been debated and one theory is that he came smaller to Heliopolis on the other side of the River Nile. A feud within the family about the successiveness has besides been put forward, but this has not been shown in any way. Looking at his face (if it's a portrait) he has alike smells as his kid brother who grown the next pharaoh.

Pharaoh Kawab



Pharaoh Kawab is the figure of an ancient Egyptian prince of the Fourth Dynasty. He was the first son of King Khufu and Queen Meritites I. Kawab served as vizier and was buried in the double mastaba G 7110 - 7120 in the east field which is part of the Giza Necropolis.

He was the original son of Pharaoh Khufu and Meritites I and half brothers of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. He was maybe born during the reign of his grandfather Sneferu. Kawab married his baby Hetepheres II. They had at least three sons named Duaenhor, Kaemsekhem and Mindjedef and a daughter Meresankh III.[1]

Kawab died during the dominate of his father[2] so the next ruler was Djedefre, who married his widow Hetepheres II. It practiced to be believed that Djedefre had Kawab murdered, since Djedefre was swallowed in Abu Rawash, instead of Giza, which was the custom. Djedefre's pyramid was too vandalized, but it is now thought that the tomb was vandalised much advanced, that is, through the Roman times.

Solar Boat of Khufu

The Solar Ship of Khufu
Five boats opposes are known from Khufu pyramid complex. In 1954, two of these were broken  by Kamal  El-Mallakh  to  the  south  of  the  pyramid,  oriented  east-west  and parallel  to  its  south  face.  A  full-size,  dismantled  wooden  boat  was  found  in  the southeastern pit. The boat, over 43m long and with five oars on every side, is now restored and showed in a museum in the same location. Waseda University is now taken in a project to reexamine and maintain a second boat discovered in the southwestern pit in 1987.

The other three boat pits are situated to the east of the pyramid, cut in the fundamentals of the plateau. Two lie to the north and southeastern of the mortuary temple, and the third one is paradiusallel to the causeway, several meters in front of the entrance to the mortuary temple. Some  scholars  believe  the 2 boats  on  the  south  side  of  the  pyramid  were  employed  as funerary boats. A bright stain found on the gangplank of the reassembled boat and on the leash from the pit might show that the boat was in reality used on the Nile. These marks, yet, may be the result of humidity in the boat pit, sooner than water. The five boat burials may have been strictly symbolic, associated with the crazes of the king as Horus and as the son of Re, and perhaps with the cult of Hathor, who was one of the triad of deities worshipped at Giza.

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