Predynastic Period

This period predates the unification of the north and south parts of Egypt. Settlements were established beside the Nile River. By 3500 BC, Hierakonpolis in Upper Egypt was the biggest Egyptian settlement with the busy town spread out on the Nile for over three km. Hieroglyphs made their first appearing toward the end of this period, about 3250 BC by the latest ideas.

Toward the end of this time, around 3250 to 3100 BC, a period sometimes denoted to by Egyptologists as Dynasty 0, there were pharaohs in Upper (Southern) Egypt with Narmer being of unique prominence. The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt is often attributed to a king called Menes or Narmer, who may be the same person.

The Narmer Palette points Narmer in battle and wear the crown of Upper Egypt on one side and the crown of Lower Egypt on the opposite side.

Tarkhan

Pottery jar from Tarkhan

Tarkhan was a site in the Faiyum part of the Nile, located on the western bank in an area named the lower valley.  The  necropolis  there  dates  to  the  Old  Kingdom Period  (2575–2134  B.C.E.).  Predynastic  tombs  were  also constructed in Tarkhan, where mortuary regalia and the names of various rulers, accepting Narmer, were unearthed.

Seila

Pyramid of Seila

Seila was a site surrounding the Faiyum territory of Egypt,  south  of  El-Lisht. A  pyramid was  erected  on  a abandon spur at Seila. This pyramid, credibly built by Huni (r.  2599–2575  B.C.E.),  was  made  out  of  limestone blocks.  The  pyramid  was  fashioned  with  4  steps  and was 99 square ft at the base.

Sidment el-Gebel

Sidment el-Gebel, that is a direct for a series of necropolises south of the Fayum a few km west of the town of Ihnasya/Herakleopolis.

Near the Necropolis of Sedmet el-Gebel, houses dating to the Roman Egypt (30 BC–390 AD) period were discovered, which in and of itself means a continued occupation of the domain.

Meidum

Meidum Pyramid

Meidum, a  site  close  the  Faiyum served  as  a royal  necropolis  for  the  3rd  and  Fourth  Dynasties.  A step Pyramid at Meidum was probably began by Huni (2599–2575  B.C.E.)  and  completed  by  Snefru (2575–2551  B.C.E.).  This  pyramid  was  put up  on  an earthen  platform  and  was  composed  originally  of  eight layers. The construction gave some time afterwards, possibly as late as  the  New  Kingdom  (1550–1070  B.C.E.).  The outer casing, yet, was damaged and broke during  construction.  The  mummies  of  several  individuals were discovered in the leading debris. Inside transitions and  chambers  led  to  a  vertical  shaft  and  a  burial  room, which  was  lined  with  limestone.  The  remains  of  a wooden coffin were exposed in this corbeled chamber, and a mortuary temple was also found on the east side of the pyramid, holding two oval stelae. A causeway as well taken to a valley temple.

A  series  of  Dynasty 4  (2575–2465  B.C.E.) mastaba tombs  surround  the  pyramid,  some  holding amazing reliefs and statuary. The known Meidum geese paintings  were  part  of  the  reliefs  in  the  tomb  of  Neferma'at and  his  wife  Atet.  Nearby,  the  mastaba  of  Prince Rahotep and his married woman Nofret contained a different portrait style statue aggroup. The paintings and statues are in the  Egyptian  Museum  in  Cairo.  A  Dynasty 5 (2465–2323 B.C.E.) mummy was likewise found in Meidum.