Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai

1- Pyramid at Abu Sir

Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai

The Dynasty V pyramid of Neferirkare is the second pyramid at the southern end of Abusir, marginally toward the north-east of Neferefre's incomplete landmark. Presently the most forcing and the tallest structure at Abusir with an expected proposed tallness of around 70m (it is even now around 45m) and a base of around 105m each side, the pyramid was based on Abusir's most elevated point. The landmark's antiquated name was 'Pyramid of the Ba of Neferirkare' and it was likewise incomplete amid the ruler's lifetime. We are not sure of the length of Neferirkare's rule and figures in the vicinity of 14 and 24 years have been proposed - he was conceivably very old when he went to the position of authority. Nor is it known why he succeeded Sahure instead of Sahure's own child, however it is recommended by a few Egyptologists that the two lords could have been siblings. His pyramid complex may have been finished by his successors however we realize that piece of the boulevard and the valley sanctuary were usurped by Niuserre.

Pyramid of Neferirkare Pyramid showing stepped construction. There is evidence to suggest that Neferirkare's pyramid was planned as a step pyramid and today four of the original six steps remain. At some point there was a change in design and the steps were filled with loose masonry and then converted to become a 'true' pyramid, enlarged and provided with a casing of red granite. The pyramid's entrance is in the centre of its northern side and a straight descending passage then took two turns before arriving at the vaulted antechamber and a burial chamber. The substructure was very badly damaged by stone robbers and no trace of a sarcophagus or burial equipment has been found.

A mortuary temple for the king, on the eastern side of the pyramid seems to have been hastily finished, and like that of Neferefre, the original stone offering hall and chapels or statue niches were enlarged and completed in mudbrick. The entrance to the mortuary temple led through a vestibule with six pairs of columns to a large central porticoed courtyard which in turn led to the inner areas and magazines.

In 1893 parts of uncommon Dynasty V hieratic papyri writings started to show up on the relics advertise and Ludwig Borchardt in this way found a couple stray writings found by nearby villagers at Abusir. Amid unearthings of Neferirkare's morgue complex, it was found that the sanctuary chronicle, dating basically to the rule of Djedkare-Isesi, had been put away in managerial structures here. The accumulation is known as the 'Abusir Papyri' and portrays the clique organization, inventories, records and records of building work, and additionally clerical obligations and day by day offerings. The file speaks to a lot of critical learning about the monetary history of the Old Kingdom pyramid cliques. It was from this record the pyramid complex of Neferefre, Neferirkare's eldest child, was found, and in addition subtle elements portraying six sun-sanctuaries at Abu Ghurob. Neferirkare's own particular sun sanctuary had been finished inside his lifetime and appears to have been the biggest of these structures toward the north of Abusir, however so far has not been found.

2- Pyramid of Khentkaues

South side of the pyramid of Neferirkare. It researched by Borchardt, who dimissed it as a twofold mastaba and did not investigate it completely. Simply after examination in 1970s was it perceived as a full pyramid and the proprietor set up.

Presumably worked in two phases, started amid the rule of Neferikare and after that proceeded under her child Nisuerre, or even herself as official of Egypt.

Generally in remnants, just abot 4m higha nd worked of the disposed of limestone of Neferirkare's pyramid.Core is three layers with dirt mortar and cased in white limstone with a dim stone pyramidion.

Entrance at ground level on the north, to a descneding corridor and then level, to a stone barrie prior to the burial chamber. It is lined with white limestone and has a flat ceiling.

Some funerary remains here, and fragments of a pink sarcophagus.

Mortuary temple at the east well, also finished in several stages. Earliest part is limestone, second phase of mudbrick as an extension to the nsouth and west.

Small cult pyramid to the southwest.

 

Neferirkare Kakai (2477—2467)

Neferirkare was the second child of Khentkaus I to have ruled Egypt. Likewise with his sibling Sahure, it is not sure whether Userkaf was his dad. Neferirkare was hitched to a name-purpose of his mother's, Khentkaus II. It is not improbable that Khentkaus II too was identified with Khentkaus I. No less than two youngsters are accepted to have been conceived of this marriage: Neferefre and Niuserre. Different spouses and youngsters are not known.

The length of his rule is sadly lost on the Turin King-list and the Palermo-stone breaks of subsequent to having recorded a fifth numbering, which, if the tallying happened like clockwork, would imply that Neferirkare at any rate led for a long time. As indicated by Manetho, his lead gone on for a long time, a number which gives off an impression of being for the most part acknowledged.

Neferirkare was the first king to have his birth-name made part of the official titulary, thus adding a second cartouche. He also completed (or modified) the solar-temple built by Userkaf in Abusir. His own solar-temple, called Set-ib-Re, has yet to be located.

He was also the second king to erect his funerary monument at Abusir. The seals and papyri discovered in his mortuary temple give some insights into the functioning of this temple. The documents are dated to the end of the 6th Dynasty, which indicates that the cult for the deceased Neferirkare at least lasted until the end of the Old Kingdom.

Nefererkara Kakai was probably the son of Userkaf, the first king of the 5th Dynasty and thus younger (half-?) brother to his predecessor king Sahure. His pyramid complex at Abusir was unfinished during his lifetime, but obviously finished by his successors. About fifteen years after his death king Neuserre incorporated both his valley temple and causeway into his own complex (see view over Abusir). Somewhere in the vicinity he built a solar temple, because the written historical texts say so, but nothing of this shrine has so far been found and still waits to be dug out from the sand.

Egyptologists don't concede to the length of his rule and figures in the vicinity of fourteen and twenty-four have been proposed. Nefererkara is remarkable for a development in the long column of illustrious names (titles). He was simply the primary ruler to give two names inside a cartouche - one as the child of Re and one as his own name. Every one of his supporters in Egyptian history took up this custom. At his pyramid complex several parts of papyrus were found in the late 1800s and the written work was in another "shorthand" kind of symbolic representations, the alleged hieratic sort of signs utilized for commonsense reasons instead of embellishing.

This first case of this kind of content clearly had quite a while of improvement and is this present lord's most striking commitments to Egyptology. Whenever decoded and distributed in the 1960s it ended up being parts of the illustrious chronicle at the site. It contained subtle elements of the organization for guarding the sanctuaries, dealing with the day by day offerings like bread, lager, meat, fowl, corn and natural product. It likewise demonstrated tables for standard examinations and records of the gear in the religion of the dead pharaohs.

The name of his pyramid was: "The pyramid of the Ba-spirit".

Tomb of PtahShepses

The Tomb of PtahShepses can be entered by an unsteady stepping stool. Twofold room off the passage, which may have held sun powered water crafts. The main other known exammple of this arrangement is Kagemni's Tomb in north Saqqara. Head of Works to Sahure, first f the V Dynasty rulers covered here

Sarcophagus of Ptahshepses

Segments with lotus capitals are the most seasoned discovered ust toward the south-east of Sahure's pyramid there is a substantial mastaba tomb having a place with an essential high authority of Sahure's court. The proprietor is named in his tomb as 'Sovereign, Councilor of Nekhen, Guardian of Nekhen, Priest of Nekhbet, Supreme Judge, Vizier, Head of every single Royal Work, Beloved of his Master, Sole Friend, Secretary of the Morning House, Highest Lector Priest, Right Hand of the God Duau, Ptahshepses'.

Mastaba of Ptahshepses Pillars in the patio

The great mastaba is second in size just to that of Mereruka at Saqqara. It was first found by Jacques de Morgan in 1893 and all the more as of late examined by the archeological mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology at Charles University of Prague, who have been completing rebuilding of the tomb. The mastaba is currently open to guests despite the fact that recording work is as yet proceeding.

The mastaba contains two components comprising of a superstructure, which was developed from mudbrick and stone work and appears to have advanced and been amplified over some undefined time frame - and the mostly shake cut underground load which is currently open to the components. The great front access to the tomb, which has as of late been remade, incorporates a patio flanked by two novel lotus sections. A raised live with three specialties which would have contained statues of the expired was likely utilized for offerings.

Reliefs from the mastaba of Ptahshepses   Reliefs from the mastaba of Ptahshepses

To the south is an enormous courtyard, surrounded by a portico which was supported by 20 square limestone pillars, decorated with reliefs of Ptahshepses. The huge pillars can still be seen in the now-open court which is annexed to the tomb structure. In the north-west corner of the court a sloping corridor leads to the burial chamber, which has a lintel decorated with the palace-facade motif. A huge granite sarcophagus belonging to Ptahshepses still remains in the burial chamber. To the south of the courtyard there are two boat-shaped pits, probably intended to represent solar boats and possibly even containing actual boats - which would have been an unusual feature in a private tomb. Ptahshepses obviously held a very important position in the court.