Kharga Oasis

Kharga Location

Kharga Oasis is a miniature jewel in the libyan desert, called Uakt-rest, the Outer or Southern Oasis, Kharga was as well  part  of  the  Oases Route. placed  some  77  miles southwest of Assiut, Kharga controls temples and towns, accepting Hibis. A temple to Amun was showed there in the reign of Darius I (521-486 B.C.E.) and refurbished in later periods. This temple had an close sacred lake and an boulevard of sphinxes. Other temples were developed in honor  of  Isis,  Mut,  Khons (2), and  Serapis. Kharga,  the largest of the oases, was a essential trade outpost. With the other havens it served as an agricultural resource, a haven for  runaways,  and  in  some  historical  periods,  a  place  of exile for mortals banned by the pharaoh.

The Christian cemetery at El Bagawat

Recent Posts:



·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin
·        Maia
·        Akhet
·        Necho I (672-664 BC)
·        Khamudi
·        Mayer Papyri
·        Medamud

Medamud

The temple of God Montu in Medamud

Montu was a falcon-headed deity whose roots date back to the Old Kingdom. During Dynasty XI the god achieved the status of patron of the Theban kings and went associated with war. individual temples to the north and south of Thebes were gave to Montu during the Middle Kingdom and supplied to by pharaohs of later dynasties.

The temple of Medamud is very close to Luxor, about 8 kilometres to the north and was once linked to the Temple of Montu at Karnak by a canal. The site of the show temple is knew to have been layered on remains from the Middle Kingdom or perchance earlier, by kings of the Graeco-Roman Period. The later buildings were sacred to Montu, Rattawy and Harpocrates.

The entrance to the temple has an unusual triple portal with kiosks constructed by Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II. In the southeastern kiosk the screen walls were decorated with reliefs of singers and musicians, and the god, Bes, dancing.

Behind the kiosks, a large forecourt with an altar was decorated by Antonius Pius and its little columns are the most essential remains of the monument.

In the essential part of the temple the hypostyle hall is now a bankrupt, but a granite doorway depicting Amenhotep II before Montu-re has been saved among the later remains of columns. Little now rests of the sanctuary, which had a passage around it leading off to small chambers.

Behind the essential part of the temple was a great East Court which was a precinct of the sacred bull, the incarnation of the god. On the rests of the exterior south wall is a relief of Trajan worshipping the sacred bull which marks a situation where oracles were saved.

Within the temple enclosure was a sacred lake, a well and granaries, now gone. A small temple of Ptolemy III Euergetes I once subbed the southwest corner and sphinxes lined a prosodion way lead from the main temple down to the quay.

To the east of the temple precinct was a cemetery. A block field on the southern incline of the temple is worth investigating as it contains many worrying fragmentary backups.

Recent Posts:



·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin
·        Maia
·        Akhet
·        Necho I (672-664 BC)
·        Khamudi
·        Mayer Papyri

Mayer Papyri

The Mayer Papyri are two Ancient Egyptian written documents from the 12th Dynasty that hold records of court legal proceedings. The best noted of the two is Papyrus Mayer A. It takes with court sessions checked the first two years of the Whm Mswt or Renaissance, an era which got in year 19 of king Ramesses XI.

A panel dwelling of the vizier of the South and 3 full officials cross-tried surmises little with tomb looting at Deir el-Bahri (cf. as well the Abbott Papyrus and the Amherst Papyrus). The inquiry of both distrusts and viewers was leaded by a falanga and an oath in the name of the king was administered.

The confessions of the six surmises were confirmed by the testimonial of the chief of police of the Theban Necropolis and other viewers, among them the son of one of the cops who had died in the meantime. This witness claims to have been a child at the time of the offence; still, he was beaten when he was being tried, as was a female discover. While the ancient Egyptian judicial system was quite brutal and partial against the criminated, a verdict of guilty was not a old end: Papyrus Mayer A records the run of five men who had been saw to be free.

Papyrus Mayer B is a papyrus fragmentize, only inscribed on the recto. It consists of 14 maintained horizontal lines of hieratic script, in a form regular of the Twentieth Dynasty. Both its start and end are half. It deals with the looting of the tomb of king Ramesses VI, which is not related to in any of the other tomb-robbery papyri. No names of officials have survived in the extant part of the papyrus. Of the five cops described, none can be described with certainty. It has been suggested that the coppersmith Pentahetnakht may have been identical to the coppersmith Pentahetnakht, son of Kedakhtef, referred in Pap. BM 10054 as a member of a pack which was tried in year 16 of Ramesses IX, but this continues a simple hypothesis.

Cyril Aldred has commented that the caisson of the sarcophagus of Ramesses VI must have been taken comparatively soon after the burial, because the sacramental oils had not yet had the time to solidify, but whether this was done during the pilfering by the cops tried in Pap. Mayer B continues uncertain.

Recent Posts:



·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin
·        Maia
·        Akhet
·        Necho I (672-664 BC)
·        Khamudi

Khamudi

The hieroglyphic name of KhamudiI

Khamudi was the last ruler of the Hyksos Fifteenth Dynasty, named the essential Hyksos. Khamudi dominated from c. 1550 B.C.E. until his death. He is  listed  in  the turin canon and  was  addressed  Asseth  by Manetho, the Ptolemaic Period (304-30 B.C.E.) historian. In other numbers he is described Aazekhre. Khamudis Obelisk was addressed at the broken capital of Avaris in the east  Delta.  He  had  the  tough luck  of  rising  to power  when Ahmose (1550-1525  B.C.E.)  gone  the yield of the Eighteenth Dynasty at Thebes. There was a period  of  relational  calm  for  the  first  ten  of Ahmoses prevail, but upon reaching majority he regenerated Thebess violation on the Hyksos, at last kicking out them from power and pushing them to flee from Egypt.

Cartouche show the name of Khamud

Recent Posts:



·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin
·        Maia
·        Akhet
·        Necho I (672-664 BC)

Necho I (672-664 BC)

The hieroglyphic name of Necho I

Necho I, Prince of the Delta city of Sais, was installed as ruler by the Assyrian conqueror Esarhaddon, who was a policy of giving limited agency to those native Egyptian princes whom he could trust. Necho got the best of these and managed power not only in Sais but besides in Memphis; he passed to possess a great kingdom in the southwestern Delta and to follow the pharaonic style in his own title. He credibly began to rule as a local king in Sais in 672 BC and was fixed as ruler by Esarhaddon in 671 BC.

Necho I

As the chief liege of the Assyrians in Egypt, Necho became a prime target for Tanuatamun,  the  nephew  of  King Taharka  of  the 25th  Dynasty.  On Taharkas death, Tanuatamun claimed the kingship of Nubia and of Egypt (664-656 BC), briefly restitution the country from the Assyrians and their lieges. He sailed northward to Thebes and last continued to the Delta and Memphis where he killed Necho I, whom the Assyrians had determined as local ruler. This power was working; Psammetichus I (son of Necho I) conquered control and set himself as king of Egypt and the yield of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty. Necho I left few repositories; his great part was to enable his posterity to gain power and establish themselves as the native rulers of an clear Twenty-sixth Dynasty.

Recent Posts:



·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin
·        Maia
·        Akhet

Akhet

The hieroglyphic name of Akhet

Akhet was the temper of inundation in the ancient Egyptian calendar, the coming of Sirius, the dogstar, addressed Sopdu by the Egyptians and Sothis by the Greeks, signed the start of the annual swamping of the Nile. When this sign come out in the spheres the river was set to open over the subjects and orchards on the  banks, stimulating the land with silt and effluvium from Africas core. Akhet was the first temper of the year, relieved as it did with the coming of the Nile, a component that full Egyptians read as basic to the nations animation. Akhet was one of the three major flavours of the Egyptian calendar year, with a duration of four 30-day months. Akhet was come on the calendar by the seasons Proyet and Shomu.

Recent Posts:



·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin
·        Maia

Maia

The hieroglyphic
name of Maia

Maia, or Matia, was the wet nurse of king Tutankhamun. She is known from her rock-cut tomb found at Saqqara. Maia bears the claims wet nurse of the king, educator of the god's body and essential one of the harem. Nothing is known about Maia's parents and nothing else is known about Maia other than the data in the tomb. In the tomb Tutankhamun is presented sitting on Maia's lap and the king is named several times in the tomb's inscriptions.

Maia with Tutankhamun

The parents of Maia are not observed in the tomb. Other individuals mentioned in the tomb letterings include the Overseer of the Magazine, Rahotep, the High Priest of Thoth [...]enkaef (the getting of the name is not legible), a scribe named Tetinefer and a penman of the offering table named Ahmose. Zivie has indicated that Maia should be described with the King's Daughter Meritaten.

Tomb of Maia:

Her tomb was saw in 1996 by the French Egyptologist Alain Zivie. The tomb (I.20) lies in the vicinity of the Bubasteion. The tomb comprises of the cult chambers with 3 decorated rooms and the underground, mostly undecorated, burial chambers. The first room of the cult chapel of her tomb is dedicated to the life of Maia. This accepts a scene showing Tutankamun sitting on the lap of Maia and there is a seriously damaged picture showing Maia in front of the king. The second room is sacred to the burial rites connected with Maia. Maia is showed in front of offering carriers. She is depicted as a mummy in congress to the opening of the mouth ritual and she is standing before the underworld god Osiris. The third room is the widest and has four pillars. The pillars are inflamed with the image of Maia. The support of the room shows a stela carved into the rock with Maia in front of Osiris. In this room there is also a staircase leading down to the burial chambers. Most other walls of this room are spare.

The grave was in later times hard reused. During those later menses the tomb received individual burials of cats. Notable is the discover of the mummy of a great male lion in the main segment of the tomb. The lion mummy no more had any patches, but the remains showed signs of mummification like to the one used for other cats at the locate. In December 2015 the tomb was re-opened in the bearing of Alain Zivie and instances of the Ministry of Antiquities.

Recent Posts:



·        Nebwenef
·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya
·        Khamsin

Khamsin

The hieroglyphic name of khamsin

khamsin or El-khamsin

Khamsin is the arabic name for a seasonal storm shape in the Nile Valley arising in February or March and been about two months, the khamsin is composed of southerly or southeastern winds, sometimes making intense speeds. Diurnal, pregnant that the wind speeds gain throughout the day hours, the khamsin brings sand into the populated territories. The storm season was seen as a time of transmission and disease, ending with the sweet breath  of the north wind that took welcome backup. How early the khamsin looked in the Nile is not clearly good. Climatic varies may have got the storm temper into Egypt in pharaonic  times, or it may be a comparatively modern phenomenon.

Recent Posts:



·        Nebwenef
·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet
·        Maya

Maya

The hieroglyphic
name of Maya

Maya or Maia was an important figure during the dominate of Pharaohs Tutankhamun, Ay and Horemheb of the 18th dynasty of Ancient Egypt. Maya's titles accept: fan carrier on the King's right hand, overseer of the treasury, great of the works in the necropolis, and leader of the fete of Amun in Karnak.

Maya was the son of a magistrate named Iuy and his wife Weret. He had a half brother addressed Nahuher who is shown functioning in his tomb in Saqqara. Maya was married to a lady named Meryt, and they had two daughters named Mayamenti and Tjauenmaya.

Statue of Maya and Merit

The early years of Maya's life and career are not well noted. It is manageable that Maya got his career during the rule of Amenhotep III. He may be the same person as a royal scribe named Maya who is attested in Malkata in year 34. He may likewise be the same person as a courtier described May noted from a tomb in Amarna during the rule of Akhenaten. The May from Amarna shares some of the titles with Maya, but he was not a treasurer.

Maya is well knew from the reign of Tutankhamen however. As the Overseer of the treasuries, he was as well an essential formal and was noted for restoring the burials of several earlier Pharaohs in the Royal Necropolis in the years next the deaths of Tutankhamun and Ay. It is possible that he personally left a hand written text in the tomb of Thutmose IV stating that he had been charged with the restitution of the burial of the king. Maya would have according to the vizier of Lower Egypt, who was located in Memphis.

Maya collected taxes and performed other services for these pharaohs, including supervising the planning of their tombs. Maya contributed an Ushabti to the funerary furnishings for King Tutankhamen. He as well presented the king with a pattern of the King in the pretext of the god Osiris. Both details were sliced and recorded that Maya was the presenter of the statues.

Maya is known to have lived until leastwise year 8 of Horemheb when an inscription mentions he was hot with tax collection for the entire country and preparing offerings for the gods. He is also drawn in TT50, the tomb of a divine father of Amun described Neferhotep. Maya is described between King Horemheb and the viziers indicating his close congress to the king.

Maya's own tomb at Saqqara was ab initio partly hollowed in 1843 by the archaeologist Karl Richard Lepsius, and its impressive backups were recorded in resumes and some of them took to Berlin. Over time, yet, the tomb was extended by sand, and its position was lost. In 1975, a joint expedition of archaeologists from the Egypt Exploration Society in London and the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden in Leiden, Netherlands started a quest to rediscover the tomb, and on February 6, 1986 they finally come after. On this date, Professor Geoffrey T. Martin together with Dr. Jacobus Van Dijk representing the Leiden museum learned the burial chamber of Maya's belowground tomb at Saqqara some 18 metres (60 feet) below the surface.

The first full temper's work on Maya's burial in early 1987 indicated that his tomb is "a slightly smaller and abbreviated version of Horemheb's Saqqara tomb. An open courtyard has a collanade on its west side and doors lead to three vaulted ceilings. An inner courtyard has been saw to take backups of very fine quality and a statue of Maya and his wife." The underground burial chambers were paved with limestone and dressed with rests showing Maya and his wife in front of gods.

The statues of Maya and his wife Merit have been mounted presentation in the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Netherlands since 1823. Lately, the pair has been lended to The Archeological Civic Museum (MCA) of Bologna from 17 October 2015 to 17 July 2016.

Recent Posts:



·        Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
·        Khakheperresonbes Complaints
·        Nebwenef
·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet
·        Nebyet

Nebyet

Nebyet was a royal woman of the Eighth Dynasty. The daughter of Neferku-hor (dominate uncertain), she was the  wife  of  Shemay, the  vizier  of  the  reign. documents from the ancient city of Koptos relate the power of Shemay  and  the  marriage.  Another  text  attests  to  the appointment of a new man named Kharedni as her bodyguard. He was given the rank of commandant of soldiers. Shemays power outlived the dominate of Neferku-Hor.

Recent Posts:


·        Khakheperresonbes Complaints
·        Nebwenef
·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep
·        Khamet

Khamet

Khamet was an 18th Dynasty treasury official. He served Tuthmosis IV (1401-1391 B.C.E.) and Amenhotep III (1391-1353 B.C.E.) as a treasurer and superintendent of royal establishing projects of the dynasty. Khamet was  buried  on  the  west  shore  of the Nile at  Thebes, and his tomb has backups depict the military campaigns of Egypt during his term of service.

Recent Posts:


·        Khakheperresonbes Complaints
·        Nebwenef
·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II
·        Maxims of Ptah-hotep

Maxims of Ptah-hotep

Ptahhotep and his
wifr (at Saqqara)

Maxims of Ptah-hotep is one  of  the  most  popular  and lasting informative texts of Egypt, believed authored by Ptah-hotep Tshefi, a member of a powerful Fifth Dynasty family, the text was written in the rule of Unis (2356-2323 B.C.E.)  or  in  the  dominate  of  Izezi (2388-2356  B.C.E.).  The Maxims have  lived  in  10  break  forms,  on  papyri and ostraca, and were learned at Deir el-Medina, the community of workers of the valley of the kings, on the west shore of the Nile at Thebes.

Ptah-hotep wrote about the heart of Maat, the guiding rationale of civic and social life in Egypt. Later propagations used the Maxims to  instill  the  moral  measures  of Maat into  their  own  historical  periods.  Peculiarly  referred  with  the  weak  and  the  suppressed,  Ptah-hotep exhorted  his  countrymen  to  conduct  their  affairs  with quietude and righteousness. He urged them to be true and  to  address  one  and  full  with  kindness  and  respect. A major copy of the Maxims is in the Prisse Papyrus in the Louvre in Paris. Other copy is in the British Museum in London.

Recent Posts:


·        Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus
·        Khakheperresonbes Complaints
·        Nebwenef
·        Mau-Tai
·        Khamaat
·        Aion
·        Maxims of Ani
·        Khamerernebty I
·        Khamerernebty II