King Tuthmosis III (1504-1450)

Hieroglyphic name: 
Horus name of Tuthmosis III
Nebti name of Tuthmosis III
Name: Thutmose , Born of the god Thoth, Menkheperre, Wahnesyt, Misphragmuthosis, Kanakht Khaemwaset.

Thutmosis III statue
(in Museum of Luxor)
Eighteenth Dynasty king Tuthmosis III first followed to the throne as a young boy, with his stepmother Hatshepsut as his strong. Hatshepsut promptly seized the boys throne, and he did not find it until  she  died  (possibly  of  foul  play) 20 years later. Upon her death, Tuthmosis tried to destroy every source to Hatshepsut in monumental inscriptions.

By the time he base the throne, Tuthmosis III had military experience, although under Hatshepsut the military had grown so weak that Egypt lost much of its power abroad. Tuthmosis III soon retrieved this power, leading flocks into battle  repeatedly  to  reassert  Egyptian hold over Syria and campaigning extensively  in  Nubia. Tuthmosis III  was also aggressive in supporting Egypt's divine institutions. He made, rebuilt, or added  to  some  temples  and  supplied them with wealth.

During Tuthmosis III's 54 reign, Egypt once again became a major power after years of decline. Moreover, art and architecture flourished and the country  seen  great  prosperity. When  he  died,  Tuthmosis  III  was  laid to rest in the Valley of the Kings, where grave robbers stole his funerary goods and hurt his mummy. Subsequently renovated and re-entombed, it was observed in 1881 in a royal cache at Dayr el-Bahri.



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King Tuthmosis II (1491-1479)

Hieroglyphic name: 
Horus name of Tuthmosis II
Nebti name of Tuthmosis II
Name: Tuthmosis, Thutmose (Seneferkhau) , Born of the God Thoth, Aakheperenre, Great is the Form of Ra, Sekhemkheperu, Netjernisyt, Kanakht Weserpehti, Khebron.

King Tuthmosis II was the 4th swayer of the Eighteenth Dynasty He ruled from 1492 B.C.E. until his demise. The son of Tuthmosis I and Mutnofret (1), a lesser-ranked wife and perchance a sister of Queen Ahmose, the wife of Tuthmosis I, Tuthmosis  II  was  not  serious  or  entirely  significant. There  has  been  considerable  doubt  about  the  military contents of this successor to the throne. Frail and bad, he was dominated by Hatshepsut, his queen, passim his  reign.  However,  it  is  read  that  he  conducted  leastways one campaign against the Asiatics. One divided document states that he even entered Syria with his army and  taken  another  campaign  in  Nubia. This  campaign,  still,  is  recorded  in  another  point  as  having been good by others in his name. He is thought to have related the area to catch the trophies of victory. There he also started to take Nubian princes to be raised as Egyptians.

The mummy of
Thutmose II
Tuthmosis II contributed to the Karnak shrine but left no other memorials to his reign except a funerary chapel. He had a daughter, Neferu-Re, the issue of Hatshepsut,  and  a  son, Tuthmosis  III, from  a  Harem woman called  Iset (1). This  son  was  stated  his  heir  before Tuthmosis II died at the age around 30.

His mummified continues give show of a systemic illness, possibly from tooth crumble, an affliction quite fair in that period. He was heavyset, without the characteristic Tuthmossid severe build, but his facial features like those of his warrior father. No tomb has been seen,  but  his  mummy  was  seen  in  the  cache  of royal remains at Dayr El Bahri.



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Tomb of Ineni (TT81)






Ineni was a leading official at the getting of Dynasty 18, doing in the prevails of King Amenhotep I, King Thutmose I, King King Thutmose II,  and  King Thutmose  III with  the  style  of  overseer  of  the  garner  of Amun. Son of the try Ineni and the lady Sit-Djehuty. He was in care of making functions at Karnak for the first two rulers and overseen the construction of the royal tomb of King Thutmose I in the Valley of the Kings. He was forgot in a tomb (n. 81) at Thebes, which takes a detailed biographical lettering.

Inside the Tomb of Ineni
Ineni  was  buried in a certain tomb at Khokha on the western shoring of Thebes with  his  wife,  Ahhotep.  This  tomb  taken  paintings and  vivid  backups  of  funerary  rites  and  fair  life. Statues  of  Ineni  and  his  family members are  in  the  tomb.  He  is believed  to  have  died  during  the  rule  of  Tuthmosis III (1479-1425 B.C.E.).


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Ineni

Hieroglyphic name of Ineni
Superintendent of the granary of Amun and an designer of the 18th Dynasty. Ineni served Tuthmosis I (1504-1492 B.C.E.) and continued  in  the  court  finished  the  reign  of  Queen Hatshepsut (1473-1458  B.C.E.).  He  may  have  introduced  function  at  the court of Thebes, in the reign of Amenhotep I (1524-1504 B.C.E.). Ineni was one of the about revered designers of his age, managing various projects at Karnak.

He constructed the original tombs, one heavy, one small, of Tuthmosis I and transported and put up obelisks for that ruler. As overseer of the Granary of Amun, Ineni raised a restrictive wall about the deitys Theban shrine. Pylons were  supplied,  as  well  as  doors  named  of  copper  and  gold. Ineni  also  designed  flagstaffs,  addressed  senut by  the  Egyptians,  at  Karnak.  These  flagstaffs  were  forged  out  of cedar and electrum.



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Tomb of Tuthmosis I (KV38)


The entrance of KV38
Found by Loret in 1899. 18th dynasty and belike the first burial of Tuthmosis I, alhtohgh he was later moved to KV20. Yellow quartzite sarcophagus ascribed with his name was found. This may be a newer tomb than KV20, since the architecture was shape by KV34. Probablyk he was first buried with his daughter, Hatshepsut, in KV20 and then went by Tuthmosis III to the newer tomb so that Hatshepsuts could be destroyed.

Catch and stairway lead to a down cirrodr that twists to the left. It
descends finished a crudely cut room and to a extended burial chamber. The burial chamber is determined like a cartouche with a early annex. The ceiling was held bya individual square pullar, although that it gone. The walls were extended with mud plaster over which parts of the Khekher-frieze are still ready. Some inscribed fragment were withdrawn to the museum in 1899. They are in storage. Graffiti alone record that it was spread at the end of the 20th dynasty or beginning of the 21st. The coffins were taken and redecorated for Pinudjem at this time and dead the mummies gone to the cache in Dayr el-Bahri. The mummy in the casket could be Thuthmosis I or Pinudjem.


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King Tuthmosis I (1493-1481)

 Hieroglyphic name: 
Horus name of Tuthmosis I
Hieroglyphic name of Tuthmosis I
 Name: Tuthmosis, Thutmose, Tethmosis, Kanakht Merymaat (Horus name), Aakheperkare.
A stone statue head of Tuthmosis I

Tuthmosis I was a military commander under King Amenhetep I, Thutmes I was made king early in life when Amenhetep I gone without an heritor. His claim to the throne was plainly based on his marriage to the daughter of King Ahmes I and Queen Ahmes Nefertari and, possibly, on having helped as co-regent with Amenhetep I. During his short six-year reign, he engaged in various major military campaigns in west Asia and Nubia, and made great add-on to the temple of Amun at Karnak. This work was overseen by his chief architect, Ineni, who was also sure for managing the poking of the kings tomb,

Tomb KV 38 (although KV 20, later old by Hatshepsut, may earlier have been intended for him). The third king of the 18th Dynasty was a cheaper by birth. He had married Ahmose, a sister of Amenhotep I, and was discovered king when the king died childless. Ahmose bore him 2 sons who were given over for Thutmose II, who was ready to Mutnofret. Thutmose established an reference to the temple of Amun at Karnak. He contributed pylons, courts and statues. He took a campaign into Nubia where he infiltrated beyond the Third Cataract. He defeated the Nubian essential in a hand to hand combat and given to Thebes with the body of the gone chief hanging on the prow of his ship. His superb campaigns were in the Delta. Militant against the Hyksos he subdued tribes and finally passed the Euphrates River. To commemorate his victory he constructed a hypostyle manse at Karnak, made whole of cedar wood columns. His stiff were found in the stash, with others, at Deir el Bahri. Thutmose brought Egypt a sense of stability and his military campaigns healed the lesions of Thebians.



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Tomb of Amenhotep I (KV39)

Plan of the Tomb KV39
One of the most deep in the Valley of the Kings, and possibly the oldest in the valley. Discovered by Macarios and Andraos (locals in Luxor) in 1900. Saw in 1908 and named as reuined. May be Amen-hotep Is tomb, but this is confusing. Dr. John Rose is investigation and thinks that it is, indeed, the grave of King Amenhotep I.
The entrance to Amenhotep I's tomb (KV39).
 Source: Sjef Willockx: Three Tombs, attributed
to Amenhotep I: K93.11, AN B and KV39, 2010, p.74.
Little worry to most tourists. In a wadi above Tuthmosis III tomb. It has an unusual plan  originall a west corridor tomb but was abandoned at the first chamber. Then, extended by a secondd coming corridor to the east and two sets of stairs leading to the East Chamber and South Chamber, which checks a pit for a coffin reported in stone slabs. Recent minings found 1500 bases of potshertds, wooden parts, jar sealings, trim remains of leastways nin mortals.  Sandstone dockets were found taking the cartouches of Tuthmosis I, Tuthmosis II and Amenhotep II. May have been a presenting area for the bodies relocated to the Deir el-Bahari cache.

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King Amenhotep I (1514-1493)


Hieroglyphic name:
Hieroglyphic name of Amenhotep I

Name: Amenhetep I, Amenophis I, Djeserkare, Kauwaftau, Bull (who conquers the land),
Statue head of Amenhotep I
(He who inspires great terror), Wahrenput.

Amenhotep I, also called Amenophis I, king of ancient Egypt (ruled 1514-1493 BCE), son Ahmose I, the founder of the 18th dynasty (1539-1292 BCE). He effectively big Egypts boundaries in Nubia.

The biographies of two soldiers substantiate Amenhoteps wars in Nubia. As showed by a graffito from the seventh year of his reign, he reached the frontier at the Second Cataract of the Nile, probably building a frontier farther southeastern on Sai Island. Amenhotep also busted Libya, but no items of the process are recorded. His only fixed activities in Asia are the resume of the mines at Sinai and the reoccupation of the fortress raised there through the Middle Kingdom (1938-1630 BCE), but there is supplemental prove that he held territory in Syria.

A fine small alabaster sanctuary of the pharaoh, as well as a lead of smaller chapels, has been cured at Karnak, and the kings official in charge of expression credits other temple to Amenhotep. His tomb was belike a rock-cut social system separated from its mortuary temple, a passing from earlier royal practice. He founded the cemetery workers village at Deir al-Madina in western Thebes, and in afterward periods both the king and his mother were idolized there.

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The Pyramid of Ahmose

Pyramid of Ahmose I at Abydos
The Pyramid of Ahmose at Abydos possibly the last royal complex built in Egypt. First known histrionics of horses and complex chariot warfare. Oriignall looked into by Mace and Currelly in 1899 and 1902. They did dig the mortuary temple, they did not map out the whole pyramid complex

Thousands of written fragments were got in 1993 by Stephen Harvey. About were niches and edges of blocks. Most were war scenes (arcs and chariots) and some taken the name of Apophis, the essential opponent of Ahmose. May symbolise the only known contemporary record of Ahmose defeat the hittites. Two kings of reliefs: high raised reliefs on chalky limestone and painted in bright ethereal colors (in all probability from the actual predominate of Ahmose) and more basic, unpaitned low reliefs from the dominate of his son, Amenhotep I. Extensive ruins take a pyramid and mortuary complex only a town a workers. Mortuary temple lies to the northern of the pyramid, much like the outer department of the temple, with a massive wal o on the east and ac entral door to a forecourt. No stiff of the inner court were found except for a few spots of pavement.

A second close temple was seen to the southeast, plausibly dediedated to Ahmoses sister-wife, Ahmose-Nefertari. Core of sand and loose stone dust, which collapsed when the outer casing was removed. Probably 525.5 meters (172 fet) square. Slope of about 60 degrees. There do not appear to be any home structures. A shrine lies ot the south, dedicated to Tetisheri, Ahmoses grandmother. It is a mudbrick buildling in the form of a mastaba. A corridor through the center leads to a stela engraved by Ahmose that tells this design to built apyramid in memory of his grandmother. Further south, still in line with th shrine and pyramid, is a tome (or cenotaph). It is inscribed into the bedrock and was light done. The entrance is a quarry that leads to al ow passageway leading to crudely wrought storage rooms. There are 18 pillars inside. Further south are a set of terraces built against the drop-off. The bottom terrage is brick and is 300 feet long. The second bench is rough field stone. These terraces probably put up a temple.

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Kings of The Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Dated : 1550-1307 B.C.E

List of The Eighteenth Dynasty Kings:
  • Ahmose (Nebpehitr) (1539-1514)
  • Amenhotep I (Djeserkar) (1514-1493)
  • Tuthmosis I (Akheperkar) (1493-1481)
  • Tuthmosis II (Akheperner) (1491-1479)
  • Tuthmosis III (Menkheperr) (1504-1450)
  • Hatshepsut (Q.) (Maatkar) (1473-1458)
  • Amenhotep II (Akheprur) (1437-1392)
  • Tuthmosis IV (Menkheprur) (1419-1386)
  • Amenhotep III (Nebmaatr) (1382-1344)
  • Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) (1350-1334)
  • Smenkhar (Ankheprur) (1336-1334)
  • Tutankhamun (Nebkheprur) (1334-1325)
  • Ay (2) (Kheperkheprur) (1325-1321)
  • Horemhab (Djeserkhepur) (1323-1293)
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King Ahmose (1514-1493)

Nebti name of Ahmose
Hieroglyphic name:
Horus name of Ahmose







Mummy of Ahmose I
Name: Ahmose, Amosis, Ahmes, Tutmesut, Tutmesut, Aakheperu, Nebpehitr.

Ahmose I, king of ancient Egypt (reigned c. 153914 bce) and break of the 18th dynasty who finished the projection of the Hyksos, invaded Palestine, and re-exerted Egypts hegemony over northern Nubia, to the southern. Resuming the war of firing against the Hyksos early in his reign, Ahmose crushed the outlanders allies in Middle Egypt and, modern down the Nile River, captured Memphis, the traditional capital of Egypt, near present-day Cairo. While his mother, Queen Ahhotep, represented as his representative in Thebes (partially engaged by modern Luxor), he attempted a waterborne operation against Avaris, the Hyksos capital, in the eastward delta, followed by a land siege. When a rebellion flamed in Upper Egypt, he induced upriver to quell the early, while Ahhotep served to contain it. Having put down the rising, he fascinated Avaris and then pursued the enemy to Sharuhen, a Hyksos fastness in Palestine, which was reduced afterward a three-year siege.

Before advancing into Palestine, Ahmose in three campaigns advanced into Nubia, whose ruler had been an ally of the Hyksos. The rich gold mines of the south provided another incentive for Ahmoses expansion into Nubia.

After his borders were secure, Ahmose established an administration loyal to him in Egypt and granted lands to distinguished veterans of his campaigns and to members of the royal family. He reactivated the copper mines at Sinai and resumed trade with the cities of the Syrian coast, as attested by inscriptions recording the use of cedar found in Syria and by the rich jewelry from his reign. He restored neglected temples and erected chapels for his family at Abydos, and he died soon afterward, leaving a prosperous and reunited Egypt.

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The Twelfth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Dated : 1991—1784

The chronology of the twelfth dynasty is the most fixed of any period ahead the New Kingdom. The Ramses Papyrus canon (1290 BC) in Turin passes about "213 years (1991–1778 BC)". Manetho express that it was established in Thebes, but from contemporary records it is clear that the first king gone its capital to a other city named "Amenemhat-itj-tawy" ("Amenemhat the Seizer of the Two Lands"), more just addressed Itjtawy. The location of Itjtaway has not been got, but is thought to be close the Faiyum, plausibly near the royal necropolises at el-Lisht. Egyptologists consider this dynasty to be the peak of the Middle Kingdom.

The order of its swayer is well noted from individual sources — two lists recorded at temples in Abydos and alone at Saqqara, as well as Manetho's work. A entered date during the dominate of Senusret III can be connected to the Sothic cycle, accordingly many cases through this dynasty can be ofttimes assigned to a specific year.

List of Twelfth Dynasty Kings:

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The Pyramid of Sobekneferu

The ruins of Queen Sobekneferu's
Pyramid (North of Mazghuna)
Directly to the north of the advance pyramid, the second pyramid at Mazghuna is also of uncertain origin, but is sometimes assigned to Amenhotep IV's successor, perchance his sister (and perhaps wife), Queen Sobeknefru (Nefrusobek) who found for about three years in her individual right. Sobeknefru was the first decidedly old female pharaoh (although Queen Nitiqret may have ruled in Dynasty VI). The North Pyramid was designed to be larger than its neighbor and attributed to the queen solely on structural grounds. The super construction of the pyramid seems never to have been begun, but the project of the black chambers is more full than that of Amenemhat IV. The entrance to the substructure is to the east of the northern side of the base and has a coming stairway which turned several times through various chambers went with blocking plugs before giving the burial chamber. The burial chamber once more taken a huge quartzite forget with carved-out blanks for the coffin and canopic jars. Although the sarcophagus block was pressed, plastered and finished red, there was never any burial here. Neither was the rest of the pyramid complex good, although mudbrick walls of a causeway were found to approach the structure from the east. It was inquired in 1910 by Ernest MacKay.


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Sobekneferu (1787-1783)

Hieroglyphic name:
Hieroglyphic name of Sobekneferu




Montuhotep III name: Sobekneferu, Nefru-Sobek, Sebekkar and Neferusobek

Statue of Sobekneferu
Sobekneferu (Nefru-Sobek) (d. 1783  B.C) Last swayer of the Twelfth Dynasty, powerful as a queen pharaoh. She found Egypt from 1787 B.C. until her end. She was a daughter of Amenemhat III and the half sister of King Amenemhat IV. Her name thought the dish of Sobek. Sobekneferu  was  leaned in the Turin canon and in the Saqqara king list. She was  a coregent  with her father  and  married  to her brother, Amenemhat IV. When he went in 1787 B.C.E., she taken the throne, ruling from Itj-tawy, the dynastic great. Sobekneferu finished Amenemhat III's mortuary temple at Hawara and perchance  rested at times during the year at Shedet (Crocodilopolis) in the Faiyum.

Three stupid  statues of her were found at Tel El-daba, and a repository at the second cataract respected her reign. Cylinder seals with her serekh and  statuary fragmentise have likewise been found. Her torso is in the Louvre in Paris. Sobekneferu is believed to have established a pyramid at Mazghuna, near Dashur, but did not use it. She and Amenemhat IV were maybe buried somewhere nearby.

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