King Tuthmosis IV (1419-1386)

Hieroglyphic name: 
Hieroglyphic name of Thutmose IV
Name: Tuthmosis IV, Djehutymes IV, Tuthmosis, Born of the God Thoth, Djednisytmiitum, Kanakht Tutkhau.

Head of Thutmose IV
The son of King Amenophis II and Queen Tio, Tuthmosis IV was not the heir manifest and probably succeeded because of the death of an superior brother. In the Dream Stela, which dates to Year 1 of his rule, Tuthmosis IV tells the account of how, as a young man, he fell asleep near the Great Sphinx at Giza; afterward, in a dream, Harmachis (the deity was by the Sphinx) prophesied that the young prince would one day got king, but also expressed his displeasure with the sand which engulfed the body of the Sphinx. When Tuthmosis IV got king he therefore said the sand to be got away, and the stella was set up between the mitts of the Sphinx, to commemorate this event.

Little prove of the kings reign being. His funerary temple close the Rameseum at Thebes is upset continued; his tomb, sarcophagus and funerary furniture were named by Howard Carter, and in 1898, his mummy had been seen amongst those in the royal stash in the tomb of Amenophis II. Medical examination later broke that he had gone as a young man in his twenties. His foreign policy included a campaign in Nubia in Year 8 to check an penetration of desert folks men, and he also continued military action in the Asiatic responsibilities. His reign saw a major change in Syrian matters: here, neither the Ancient Egyptians nor the Mitannians could gain good supremacy, and so they last made a peaceful coalition, marking it with a purple marriage between Tuthmosis IV and the daughter of King Artatama I. It is likely that this Mitannian princess became Mutemweya, the kings Great Royal Wife. She is shown as the mother of Amenophis III in the views in the Temple of Luxor which render his bright birth. Because of Tuthmosis IV's early death, it is potential that there was no royal sister to got the wife of Amenophis III, and he thus broke the established pattern by marrying a commoner, Tiye.

Tuthmosis IV's rule is also healthy because there is evidence that at this time, the Aten came to be taken to be a separate deity; a scarab inscription mentions to the Aten as a god of struggles. Akhenaten, the grandson of Tuthmosis IV, was to break the cult of this god into a form of monotheism.



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Tomb of Userhat

Inside the Tomb of Userhat
Userhat held distinct titles during the reign of Amenhotep II of 18th Dynasty. His titles, rendered on his funerary monument, include "royal scribe", Overseer and Scribe of the Cattle of Amen", Bread counting scribe in Upper and Lower Egypt", and "deputy Herald". He was also referred to as a "child of the royal nursery, proposing that he was referred in the royal court as one of the associates of the royal children and was a close friend of the king in adulthood. His most outstanding title was 'Scribe who counts clams in Upper and Lower Egypt'. His wife was a lady described Mutneferet, who took the title of "royal grace". The tomb of Userhat (tomb TT56) can be got in the village region of Sheikh 'Abd el-Qurna, south of the tomb of Ramose (TT55).

The Tomb (TT56) is settled in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna. It processes part of the Theban Necropolis, settled on the west bank of the Nile distinct Luxor. The tomb is the burial set of the Ancient Egyptian official, Userhat who was the Royal Scribe, Child of the Royal Nursery, through the 18th dynasty Amenhotep II, and his wife Mutnefret. TT56 is one of the best preserved Theban aristocracy tombs from Western Thebes and its reliefs boast many deep and brightly painted scenes portraying the deceased Userhat and Mutnefret taking gifts and nowadays in the hereafter.


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Tomb of Sennofer

Inside the tomb of Sennofer
Mayor of Thebes during the dominate of Amenhotep II, Sennofer developed his tomb on the west bank of the River Nile, on a high direct of the hill of Sheikh Abd-el-Gurna. The burial chamber is remarkable for its about hewn ceiling, an rolling open painted to resemble an arbor with vines and constellates of grapes. Described on a pillar in the tomb, Sennofer's wife Meryt nowadays to her husband a hoop containing a golden collar. The following text describes the gesticulate of her right hand, "making fast the double heart (amulet)," referring to the medal in the shape of two near hearts which hangs from Sennofer's neck. Within the hearts are written the prenomen and nomen of King Amenhotep II.



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Tomb of Amenhotep II

Burial chamber with inscriptions
from the book of the deads
The mummy of Amenhotep II was discovered in March 1898 by Victor Loret in his KV35 tomb in the Valley of the Kings within his particular sarcophagus. He had a mortuary temple manufactured at the edge of the refinement in the Theban Necropolis, good to where the Ramseum was later developed, but it was destroyed in ancient times. Amenhotep II's KV35 tomb also shown to bear a mummy hive up containing some New Kingdom Pharaohs including Thutmose IV, Seti II, Ramses III, Ramses IV, and Ramesses VI. They had been re-buried in Amenhotep II's tomb by the 21st Dynasty High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem II, through Siamun's reign, to keep them from tomb thiefs. The most close and harmonious discourse on the chronology, events, and touch of Amenhotep II's rule was published by Peter Der Manuelian, in a 1987 book on this king.



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King Amenhotep II (1437-1392)

Hieroglyphic name: 
Horus name of Amenhotep II

Nebti name of Amenhotep II
Name: Amenhotep, Aakheperure, Great are the manifestations of Re, Amenhetep, Amenophis.

Amenhotep II was the son of Thutmes III and the Great Royal Wife Hatshepsut Meryet-Ra, Amenhetep II proudly extended his father's military custom. During his twenty-three years of sole rule, he fought different campaigns in Syria and boastfully narrated them on the walls of numerous of his monuments. In one case, he had 7 Syrian princes taken as captives of war, killed them, and hung them top down on the satellite wall of a temple in Thebes. He frequently discovered his athletic talents, asking that no one could equal his talents as an archer, horseman, offset or oarsman. Such boasts may have been a way of finding that he was seen as a strong, virile ruler.

Amenhetep II established at Karnak and at Luxor as well as at other Egyptian and Nubian sites. He was buried in KV 35. Four or five centuries later, the tomb was plundered. Later yet, it was used for the reburying of ten royal mummies, gone there for safekeeping by priests involved about thieveries in the Valley of the Kings. Amenhotep, the 4th pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, was a big ruler that stood out in both horsemanship and archery. While a prince, he was broken the dominate of the naval home near Memphis. In his 1sth year as king the Asiatics rose, but to no avail. He spent his 2nd year in Syria defeating individual uprisings. His productive return to Egypt was showed by the captive officers that were hanging top down on the prow of his ship. The same were acephalous in a ceremony by Amenhotep's own hand. His son, Thutmose IV base the throne when Amenhotep died at the age of 45. His remains show signals of a systemic illness which plausibly attributed to his death. He built a court in the Temple of Luxor, that was later adorned by Tutankhamun and Horemheb. Amenhotep II's grave is in the Valley of the Kings in Thebes.



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Alabaster Sphinx at Memphis

Alabaster Sphinx at Memphis
Perchance belonging to King Amenhotep II, III, or Queen Hatshepsut. In the rests of Memphis. It was carved in honor of an stranger pharaoh during the 18th dynasty. No dedications, but it might be for Hatshepsut or Amenhotep II or III, placed on facial has. 8m (26 feet) long and 4m (13 foot) high and counts about 90 tons.

May have stood wide the Temple of Ptah along with the colossi of Ramses II. Passed many years laying on its sidelong in water, hence it is quite unsightly. Sometimes called the Calcite Sphinx  calcite is an obscure white stone that is frequently alled alabaster. It is not use often in making.

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Queen Hatshepsut (1473-1458)

Hieroglyphic name: 
Horus name of Hatshepsut
Name: Hatshepsut, Maatkare, Netjeretkhau, Wadjrenput, Weseretkau.

Stone statue of Hatshepsut
Queen Hatshepsut was the daughter of King Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose . She married her half brother, Thutmose II, by whom she had leastways one daughter, Nefrure. Hatshepsut gone regent for her stepson, Thutmose III, but she before long risen the throne in her individual right, although the date for this act is debatable. She involved that she had been assigned as heir to the throne by her father. Hatshepsut built her dead room temple at Deir el-Bahri with scenes establishing the great effects of her reign, admitting an excursion to Punt and the erecting  of  an  obelisk.  The  work  was  supervised  by  her  chief architect, Senenmut, whose relatives with the queen have been the taken of much hypothesis.

Her reign ended after 21 years, presumptively upon her dying, and her stepson  grown  sole  ruler.  Hatshepsut  initially  built  her  tomb as pharaoh's  wife  in  the  Wadi  Gabbanat  al-Qurud.  Her  sarcophagus from this tomb is now put up in the Cairo Egyptian Museum. She seems to have been buried with her father in a juncture tomb (KV20) constructed later in the Valley of the Kings. Thutmose III later frustrated to expunge all mention of his aunt, although he appears to have been on comparatively good terms with her during her dominate. Her mummy was identified in 2007 as one of two women found in KV60.



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Tomb of Khonsu

Entrance of the Tomb of Khonsu
 Khonsu was the priest of King Thuthmosis III. His tomb cult during the reign of Ramses II. First Prophet of Men-kheper-re Tuthmosis III. Good paintings of the god Montu. Entrane is through an open courtyard with two stele. The tomb is a good tansverse mansion with two endless chambers, the second with a recession in the back for the enshrine.

Inside the Tomb of Khonsu
Entrance shows family bent Ra and paitnings of birds on the roof. In the vestibule is a histrionics of a tomb and chapel at Deir el-Medina, which gives us idea of the construct of a doers village pyramidal tomb



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Tomb of Tuthmosis III (KV34)

Entrance of the tomb of Tuthmosis III
Thutmose's tomb (KV34) was discovered by Victor Loret in 1898, in the Valley of the Kings. It uses a plan which is representative of 18th dynasty tombs, with a sharp turn at the foyer preceding the burial chamber. Two stairways and two corridors provide entree to the vestibule which is led by a quadrangular chicane, or "well".

A complete version of Amduat, an serious New Kingdom funerary text, is in the vestibule, taking it the first tomb where Egyptologists got the complete text. The burial chamber, which is held by two pillars, is oval-shaped and its cap adorned with stars, symbolizing the cave of the deity Sokar. In the middle lies a extended red quartzite sarcophagus in the form of a cartouche. On the 2 pillars in the middle of the chamber there are transitions from the Litanies of Re, a text that fetes the later sun deity, who is described with the pharaoh at this time. On the other pillar is a particular image depicting Thutmosis III being breastfeed by the goddess Isis in the pretence of the tree.

The wall decorations are gone in a simple, "diagrammatic" way, imitating the manner of the cursive script one might require to see on a funerary papyrus instead than the more typically lavish wall palms seen on most other royal tomb walls. The colour is likewise muted, executed in simple black figures followed by text on a skim background with highlighting in red and pink. The decorations depict the pharaoh aiding the deities in killing Apep, the snake of chaos, thereby portion to ensure the daily rebirth of the sun as well as the pharaoh's hold resurrection.



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Tomb of Rekhmire

Entrance of the Tomb of Rekhmire
A vizier under Tuthmosis III and Amenophis II, a very easy time. His grandfather and great-grandfather were also viziers. Fast for Aswan to Assiut. Mayor of Thebes and the Steward of the temple of Amun at Karnak. An account of his duties as viizier are distinct in the tomb. Everyhting we recognize about him occurs from his tomb. Inserted ast least doubly within a century of his burial  most of the contents were carried off. First seen in modern times in 1819-22. It was later visited throughout the 19th century.

This tomb checks a courtyard lading to a vestibule then a long chapel with a high ceiling (10 feet at the entree to 27 feet at the rear). There are some 300 m2 to adorn. No ritual shot was found and it is taken that he was never forgotten in the tomb. The lobby is decorated in an archaic style similair to Middle Kingdom tombs and passes into the Chapel (D). Many daily life prospects are in the chapel, in good color and preservation.

Inside  the Tomb of Rekhmire
On the left are views of intersections ofo Egypt, on the next well is an autobiographic text. ON the northern wall are pictures of tributes paid to egypt. Tribute is of five types: 1) the people of Punt bringing incense trees, baboons, monekys and hides 2) Kefti (Crete) carrying pots and cubs 2) Kuchites (Nubians) bring giraffes, leoparts, baboons, monkeys, and dogs, and ivory, hides, and gold 4) Syraisn, brigning lots, carts, weapons and horses, a bear and an elephant, and 5 people from different lands. The quality is oustanding in the hcapel, but the ceiling is so high they are difficult to see. Six reads on the western wall show Rekhmire supervising the gathering and grooming of food. Then eight registers with prospects of labor carried out by workmen (potters, caprenters, decorators, goldworker, and masons). Then ten cross-file of the actual funeral rise. The back wall has a niche for a a stele and a false door  an Old Kingdom element. On the eastern wall are paintings o fhis sons Menkeper-re-seneb, Amenophis, and Senusret, and ten cross-file with show rites executed in front of the statue of Rekhmire. Finally, a ten-register feast scene which is the bezst cosmetic work in the tomb.



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Obelisk of Thutmosis III (Lateran obelisk)

Lateran obelisk
Thutmosis III raised great temple to Aten where he was depicted as being put up by Amun. Inside this temple, Thutmose planned on erecting his tekhen waty, or "unique obelisk". The tekhen waty was projected to stand alone, instead as part of a pair, and is the tallest obelisk ever successfully cut. It was not, however, put up until Thutmose IV set up it  thirty five years afterwards. It was later went to Rome by Emperor Constantius II and is now known as the Lateran Obelisk.



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