Senusret I

King Senusret I (1971BC-1926BC), the second pharaoh of the dynasty 12. His father is Amenemhat I, and Nefertitanen was his wife, but Neferu was his sister and wife also, Neferu is the mother of Amenemhat II who successed Senusret I. In his rule the Residence city was constituted at el-Lisht.
Some historians thought that Senusret I is the pharaoh who arrogated Sarai for his wife, and they think that Sarai was Saenusret’s enatic half-sister (as well as being Abraham’s paternal half-sister) and it was common apply for Egyptian pharaohs to marry their (half-) sisters in order to advancement the kingship through the female line. But all that is Just a guess, and the fact is unknown as yet.

Senusret I Militarily Affairs:

Militarily amours, Senusret I pressed in Egypt Nubia (New Sudan) all the direction to the 3rd cataract and as well Constituted the avid fortress of Buhen. He exploited quarries and mines and ascertained the havens of the Libyan Desert and the imaginations in the Sinai. He constructed Kermeh fort in Egypt Nubia and determined operations at the mines of Wadi Halfa as well as regional diorite quarries. Copper was mined inward Wadi Hudi, and red granite was adopted of a quarry south of Aswan Egypt.

Senusret I wasn't concerned in sweeping conquest and confined his causes to the defence force of Egypt’s borders and to the development of usable resources. He also advertised trade with Crete and other Aegean islets and with Palestine and Syria.

The literary in the reign of Senusret I:

Elsewhere my belief that Egyptian literary documents should be allotted to the date to which they purport to belong, unless cogent argues can be adduced to the contrary‘. Both on general and exceptional grounds, hence, it seems probgble that the story of Sinuhe was written in the reign of Sesostris I, and is therefore contemporary with the events that it associates.

The form of the tale so intimately resembles other autobiographies that have been ascertained on the walls of tombs that it seems quite likely that its nucleus may be calculated from the tomb of a real Sinulie, who had led a life of adventure in Palestine and was afterward buried at Lisht’. Needless to say we are here on high-risk ground, and in such a casing no proof or disproof is strictly possible, unless an astonishing chance should bushel to us the tomb of Sinuhe himself. Even in this case we should doubtless find that literary elaboration had greatly changed the expression and the character of the archetype narrative, so that in its ceased state the story could not claim to be‘ more than “founded on fact”.The story of Sinuhe is evenhandedly straightforward.1 It portrays him addressing from his tomb and narrating events in his life. Sinuhe was a Middle Kingdom Egyptian official of the 12th dynasty (1938-1756 B.C.) who fled Egypt to Syria. As a custodial of Amenemhet’s harem, he went on an expedition to Libya. When he learned of the Pharaoh’s assassination he took flight, either because he was a coconspirator or as he dreaded false accusals. In all events, winds on the Nile blew him northward and he wandered through Palestine and Lebanon. He finally settled in southern Syria and married the oldest daughter of a captain in the region. Some years after, Pharaoh Sesostris I welcomed Sinuhe back to Egypt. The king forgave him and granted him gifts. From that point forward, Sinuhe remained in Egypt and was accorded an estimable burial.One tale of the dandiest Egyptian literary works were written on the age of Senusret I: "The Instructions of Amenemhet" and "The Story of Sinuhe". The former was written by Amenemhet I to his heir son Senusret I. The deceased Pharaoh assured his son in a dream that he was murdered by a bodyguard. He also warned Senusret not to become to close to anybody. Being Pharaoh was so a lonely job.

Building of Senusret I:

Within Egypt, he was a fecund builder, freshening up the temple of Re-Atum in Heliopolis. The famous white chapel appointments to his reign, and he is accredited with building the burden of the Karnak Composite itself. He likewise raised two obelisks there. Senusret I was active in restoring the Faiyum Egypt region, adding up to the irrigational memorials there.

He established a temple to Sekhmet-Hathor at IMU, today known as Kom el-Hisn, the Mound of the Fort, in the Delta. The temple was rectangular and arrested a bark chapel and Columns. He is as well credited with constructing 35 separate religious structures from the Faiyum of Egypt to the Delta. A stone stela built for a temple in Heliopolis and dating to Senusret I’s rule was copied by a scribe assisting king Amenhotep III (1391–1353). 5 hundred years old when copied, the stela disappeared. The copy argues a text in the form of a poem, rattling answering as a temple dedication commemorative an improver Established by Senwosret I, afforded with other elaborate Contributions.

The pedagogies of Amenemhet I date as well to his rule. His father was alleged to have dictated the Commands, a text that warns of the endangers of a weak monarch. This act is also known as Amenemhet’s directions or the Testament of Amenemhet.

Obelisk Senusert I:
Senusert I's Obelisk

Standing Stone in Lower Egypt (North)

The Obelisk (Obelisk art) of Senusert I at Mataria in the East of the Capital Cairo. Date to 12th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom dynasties.

The obelisk consisted to the On sun temple, differently know as Heliopolis to the Greece and romans.

Pyramid of Senusret I:

The Pyramid of Senusret I
The Pyramid of Senusret I was established in the age of the dynasty 12 in Lisht city, close the pyramid of Amenemhat I (his father)

It's have 4 faces pyramid, the height of the pyramid is 61.25 ms, and it's 105 ms in any side of it. Senusert I’ pyramid at Lisht in Upper Egypt which anybody can travel there by train or by Nile River cruise.


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Djoser or Zoser (2687-2668 BC)
Narmer (Menes)

Kom el-Hisn

Abu Rawash

Abu Simbel
Abusir
Abydos
Abydos Fleet
Dendera (Inuit) 

Narmer (Menes)

Narmer or King Menes was the first Egyptian pharaoh. He was united the two parts of Egypt lands which was called Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. With that united Menes established the Old Kingdom in 3100 BC. The discover of his tomb was in 1897. There is believe that Menes ruled 62 years and the legend told that he killed by a hippopotamus.

Some historical records for Egyptian and Greece describe a period of civilization with a united Egypt under the King Menes in 3000 BC. While we often think of Egyptain civilization as suddenly flowering from nothing, and then the immediately building of the pyramids, there is a long prior period during which the Nile Valley was brought into cultivation, and societies and governments developed. This prior period encompassed the 0th and 1st Dynasties. It included the legendary kings. See Cartouche of Narmer and the other pharaohs here

Because the Nile River Valley became more settled, and the society life and communities grew into small towns and cities, a more complex mathematical system became necessary. With all things considered, it is no surprise that by the timeline of the First Dynasty we see the use of mathematical place values well into the thousands. The Pharaoh Narmer (also called King Mena or King Menes) united Tawi (the Two-Lands of Kemet) and was the founder of the dynasties. Of course, the concept of a pharaoh and dynasties came before Narmer from the Ta-Seti Nubia regions. The Narmer Palette, although simple, is very revealing.

Thus, some Egyptologists list Narmer as the first ruler of Dynasty 1 while others give the honor to Aha, placing the “Scorpion King” and Narmer in Dynasty 0. The First and Second Dynasties are generally referred to as the Archaic Period of Egypt. Perhaps Narmer was the first king in the world who united his home and establish strong empire.

Narmer palette:

King Narmer seem to be the pharaoh who united the two lands of Egypt based primarily on a shield-shaped sculpture called the Narmer Palette (one of the most attractions of ancient Egypt arts) that has been dated to 3150 – 3125 BC. The front side of the Narmer Palette shows King Narmer wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt in the act of striking an enemy from the marshlands. The rear side shows Narmer wearing the Red Crown of Lower Egypt (the Nile delta) as he inspects the bodies of headless enemies. When the Narmer Palette discovered?

King Narmer palette

The important of Narmer palette:

The Egyptian plaque or the palette of Narmer showing him wearing the White garland of Upper Egypt and the Red garland of Lower Egypt is believed to indicate that Narmer united Upper and Lower Egypt into a universal state. Other historical data indicates his central importance. Since the Narmer Palette has been dated to 3150 – 3125 BC we have chosen 3157 BC as the beginning of the universal state of a predynastic period that we will call Nile River civilization.

This palette show that Cloth and writing came at the same time, about 3000 B.C.E. That when Narmer (or Menes) of Upper Egypt (upriver to the south) conquered Lower Egypt (downriver to the north), thus unifying the kingdom. A large commemorative stone shows him about to bonk his kneeling rival over the head.

Djoser (2687-2668 BC)

King Djoser (2687-2668 BC), was the first pharaoh in the third dynasty as many scholars believed. They also think that queen Nimaethap was his mother and Khasekhemwy was his father.
Djoser may have fixed the southern bounders of Egypt in his reign. He also sent some expeditions to Sinai because the local inhabitants were subdued there.
Djoser’s reign lasted only 18 years, yet is remarkable in that it ushered in Egypt’s ‘golden age’ of monumental architecture. Not only were he and Imhotep able to organise the massive workforce required for building the pyramid, but they also initiated a belief that the pharaoh had eternal existence.
The step pyramid at SaqqaraThe step pyramid at Saqqara
During the reign of Djoser in the third dynasty (refer to the Cheat Sheet for a timeline), Egypt is said to have experienced seven years of famine because of particularly low annual floods. The pharaoh was held responsible for the situation because he was an intermediary between the people and the gods, and the famine was seen as punishment from the gods for the pharaoh not doing his job.
On the Island of Sehel in the south of Egypt, Ptolemy V (204–181 BC) commissioned a stela recording this famine and Djoser’s actions. Imhotep, the builder of the step pyramid, traced the source of the Nile to the island of Elephantine and the caves of Khnum.
He assured Djoser that renewed worship of Khnum would start the floods again. Khnum then appeared to Djoser in a dream. Djoser awoke and was pleased at the message. He passed a decree of an increase of taxes to be paid to the temple of Khnum The Step Pyramid. In Saqqara where any one can travel by train, also the one can get there by taxi or by bus.
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