Famous Pharaohs

God Osiris

God whose world is Duat the Egyptian Underworld. He is shown in human form, as in his earliest coming into court yet old on a block from the reign of King Djedkara Izezi (Dynasty V) which points the head and office of the upper torso of a deity, above whom are the hieroglyphical symbols of Osiris's name. In fuller iconography his body is represented as wrapped in mummy binds from which his arms issue to hold the wands of kingship the curve and the flail. His distinctive crown experienced as the Atef comprises a rams horns at its base, and a tall conical centrepiece sporting a hook on each side.

The composition of his name has appealed much attending from scholars trusting to discover an etymology down it which could lead to conclusive proof concerning Osiriss origins. Few possibilities have met with even a quorum of acceptation and most remain unconvincing. From the symbolizations of the eye and the pot, Osiris has been given sources both east and west of the Nile, e.g. in Mesopotamia as the god Marduk, and in Libya as an suspect corn-god bearing a Berber name which implies the old one. His name has been broken by others to close he who interests the throne or he who pairs with Isis. It has even been proposed that behind Osiris there lurks an new mother-goddess whose name might be interpreted as she who belongs the uterus. However, the most likely account seems to be the simplest: Osiriss name is linked with the word woser which would give the smell of the Mighty One.

Other features of Osiris:

Osiris in Greco-Roman Time
Osiris as a Father of Horus
Temple of Philae as a cult place of Osiris
Osiris and the Pharaohs
The Gardens of Osiris
Osiris Ceremonies
Temple of Osiris at Abydos

God Horus

God Horus was one of the earliest ancient Egyptian gods, although until the Greek Period he was visited Hor. In fact, beliefs about Horus and the names by which he was famous varied widely looking on local traditions. Sometimes the deity was experienced as Horus the Elder, or Hor-Wer in ancient Egyptian, a power of good battling evil. He was likewise Horus of Gold, or Hor-Nubti, undoer of the heavy god Seth; Horus of the Horizon, or Har-akhtes, a sun deity who grown part of the solar God Ra as Re-Horakhty; or Harsiesis, or Hor-sa-iset, featured in mythology as the young son of the goddess Isis. In some myths he was taken the son of the goddess Hathor instead. Worshipped as Horus the Behdetite at a enshrine in Edfu, he was a falcon deity who transformed into a smart sun disk. Elsewhere he was Horus, the Uniter of the 2 Lands, or Horu-Sema-Tawy, who after shelling the evil god Seth united Egypt within himself as king on earth and the god Osiris as king of the divine realm. Thus Egypts kings were sometimes called the physical manifestation of Horus while they were living and of Osiris after they died.

From leastways as early as the 1st Dynasty, Horus was linked with Egypts kings. At that time they leaded off using his name as one of their royal titles and his main symbol, the falcon, as the symbol for kingship. Hence Horus was oftentimes called the protector of the king yet though he was also said to be the king in physical form. Because of this association, the king played the part of Horus in certain fetes and rites.

As a major deity in the Egyptian pantheon, Horus is the subject of some myths. One of these mythsfound in the Chester Beatty Papyrus I and going steady from the Twentieth Dynasty reign of Ramses V tells of a conflict between Horus and his uncle, Seth. The two go before the romance of the gods, presided over by the god Ra, and each argues that he deserves to win Osiris as the living king of Egypt. Seth claims this right as the brother of Osiris, even though he was likewise his murderer, while Horus claims it as Osiriss son and heir. (In other myths, Horus is Osiriss buddy.) The gods consider both lines and begin arguing among themselves, some reading that Seth would make a improved king because of his more advance age and strength and his fierceness; others favor Horus for his goodness and honor and his place as Osiriss son. Afterwards much debate, the gods adjourn without taking a conclusion.

Other features of Horus:

Horus and the Pharaohs
Horuss Four Sons (Canopic Jars)
Egyptian Myth of Creation, Horus with Isis and Osiris
The Elder Horus (Haroeris)
Conflict between Horus and Set (Mythology)
Horus as a Child (Harpokrates)
Horus as Sky god

God Ra

God Ra or Re, R was the senior solar deity of the ancient Egyptians, whose rage at Heliopolis, or Hermopolis Magna, got in the Early Dynastic Period. R was the near standard solar deity of Egypt, and his cult united many of the properties and mythology of various other temples. Ra looked on the ancient pyramidal stone in the phoenix hall at Heliopolis, as a symbolisation of rebirth and positive feedback. Re cult related itself with material profits: health, children, manliness, and the portion of the nation. Representing the sun, the cult was rooted in the raising prospects of nature and light.

The sun was addressed Khepri at dawn, Ra at noon, and deity Atum at night. As Atum the God was showed as a human with a double crown upon his head. As Khepri he considered the form of the sacred relieved. As R the god was showed as a man with the head of a falcon, overcome by the cobra and the Uraeus. He was also discovered with Horus, then called R-Horakhty, R-Horus. In this figure he was the horizon dweller. At dawn Ra discovered the sky in his solar boat, visited the Boat of Millions of Years, accompanied by lesser divinities of his train.

The God Ra looked in the form of Atum in the creation myths taught at Heliopolis. Ptah is suspect to have determined the egg out of which Ra arose. In the other cosmologic or creation stories of Egypt, R was depicted as rising as a Lotus flower from the waters of the abysm. In turn he begat Geb, the earth, and Nut, the sky. Of these were born Osiris, Set, Isis, and Nephthys. The mounting and declining of the moon was the monthly restoration of the Eye of Ra by the deity Thoth. This eye, alongside the Eye of Horus, grown one of the holiest symbolizations of ancient Egypt.

God Ra was the Real King, as Osiris was the Dead King. During the Old Kingdom the conception of the kings taking the powers of Ra took source. The kings went the corporal sons of the deity, a construct that would continue endless throughout Egyptian history. Even Alexander III the great afterwards he inhibited Egypt with his Greek forces journeyed to the Siwa oasis in the Libyan desert to be took as a son of the deity R and be given the powers of the true pharaohs of the River Nile. During the New Kingdom the deity Amun was agreed to Ra to get the most powerful deity in Egypt

Other features of Ra:

Relationship of Ra to other gods
The Role of Ra
Ra as Creator

Relationship of Ra to other gods

Ra with Amun inside the tomb of King Ramses IV

As with most wide worshipped Egyptian deities, Ra's identity operator was oftentimes combined with other gods, forming an interconnectedness between deities. Amun and Amun Ra. God Amun was a member of the Ogdoad, doing creation pushes with Amaunet, a very early patron of Thebes. He was thought to create via breath, and therefore was named with the wind rather than the sun. As the cults of Amun and Ra became more and more popular in Upper and Lower Egypt respectively they were merged to create Amun-Ra, a solar creator god. It is heavy to distinguish exactly when this compounding passed, but references to Amun-Ra looked in pyramid texts as early as the 5th dynasty. The most common belief is that Amun-Ra was formulated as a new state deity by the Theban swayer of the New Kingdom to unite believers of Amun with the older rage of Ra some the 18th dynasty.

Amun Ra was held the official title "king of the Gods" by worshipers, and images express the combined deity as a red-eyed man with a lion's mind that had a walking solar disk. Atum-Ra (or Ra-Atum) was another compound deity formed from two altogether separate deities, however Ra broken more similarities with Atum than with Amun. Atum was more close linked with the sun, and was likewise a creator God of the Ennead. Both Ra and Atum were involved as the father of the gods and pharaohs, and were wide worshiped. In older myths, Atum was the creator of Tefnut and Shu, and he was searching from ocean Nun.

In older Egyptian mythology, Ra-Horakhty was more of a title or manifestation than a complicated deity. It translates as "Ra (who is) Horus of the Horizons". It was thought to link Horakhty (as a sunrise directed look of Horus) to Ra. It has been proposed that Ra-Horakhty simply refers to the sun's journey from horizon to horizon as Ra, or that it means to show Ra as a allegorical deity of hope and rebirth. (See advance division: Ra and the sun).

Khepri was a scarab relieved who rolled the sun in the mornings, and was sometimes seen as the morning manifestation of Ra. Similarly, the ram-headed deity Khnum was also seen as the evening demonstration of Ra. The idea of various deities (or different aspects of Ra) ruling over various times of the day was fairly standard, but variable. With Khepri and Khnum taking priority over sunrise and sunset, Ra oftentimes was the representation of midday when the sun reached its peak at noon. Sometimes different facets of Horus were used rather of Ra's facets.

God Baal

God Baal was a God of Thunder, earlier from western Semitic. This god was worshipped in Egypt from the 18th dynasty of the New Kingdom. His name Baal likewise spelled as Baal. Baal just way "Lord or Owner". Sometimes, god Ball was named Reammin, meaning Thunderer, or Aleyin, thinking Most High, Mightiest, Most Right or Excellent. His coming into court portrayed as man standing with a straight beard of Syrian style, hard a horned helmet and carrying weapon in his up hand such as a sword, a nine made from a cedar tree, or a thunderclap.

According to myth, Baal was the son of a senior northern Semitic god, Dagan. He was killed by the deity of death, Mot but he was resurrection by his sister or fan Anat, the severe war goddess.

As the God of thunderstorms, he was known to be a rider of clouds, most open during storms but was also took to be a lord of heaven and earth, even finding earths richness. He was also given various titles such as Most High Prince/Master, Vanquisher of Warriors, Mightiest, Most High, Excellent, Strong, Puissant, the Warrior and Prince, Great of the Earth.

He is a famous god at Memphis and other different areas. His cult center was established for him at Baal Saphon good Tanis in the north Delta of Egypt.

God Sopdu

God Sopdu was an ancient Egyptian god and the star knew to the Greeks as Sirius, Sothis, or the Dogstar, Alpha Canis Majoris. The show of Sopdu signaled the beginning of Akhet, the Season of torrent of the Nile. Sopdu was as well a divinity of the eastern desert and the deity of the four boxes of the earth, with Horus, Set, and Thoth. When connected with Horus, the deity was the Sharp Horus. The star was sometimes presented in a light form and then was assorted with the goddess Hathor. His consort was Sopdet.

The name of God Sopdu meant to ready, and he was described by a zodiacal light on a tall cone. He likely was east in origin and was varied into the husband of Sah (Orion). Sopdu was noted in the pyramid texts. The divinity was also described on an Abydos bone tablet, had by Djer of the First Dynasty (2920-2770 B.C.E.).

God Banebdjedet

God Banebdjedet or also knew as (Banedbdjed), the ram god was an ancient Egyptian god of Lower Egypt at Mendes. His name is interpreted as the ba (pregnant the spirit) of the lord of the djed. Ram gods often regarded as manifestation of other gods, as the word ram (ba) and the word for somebody or manifestation gone the same in Egyptian. He was as well incorporated to the first 4 gods or ba (Osiris, Geb, Shu and Ra-Atum), to reign over the Egypt. A huge granite enshrines for these deities were set in the Mendes bema.

God Banebdjedet was the consort of the fish goddess Hatmehit, who was the in the first place deity of Mendes and who was associated with Isis. Therefore, Banedgjedet was seen the generate of Horus. These three deities processed the Mendesian Triad. His visual aspect portrayed as a man with the head of ram or as a ram itself. He was also given the claims such as Lord of the Sky and Lord of Life.

According to one myth, Banebdjedet was consulted by the Divine Tribunal to judge between Horus and Set for the throne of the gods. Still, he proposes to consult Neith and ask for her sapience. As the dispute continues it is Banebdjedet who evokes that Set be given the throne as he is the elder brother. Banebdjedet cult center was developed at Mendes. He was celebrated as one of the Divine Ancestors who are buried at the burying ground of Behdet, during the Festival of the Beautiful Reunion took at Edfu.

God Atum

God Atum was one of the earliest deities in Egypt, an earth god also called "Tum", deity Atum existed alone in the getting of time, floating inert in the watery chaos of Nun or Nu. A self-generating deity, open also of self-impregnation, his name meant Completed One. Atum raised alone on the site of his temple at Heliopolis.

A 20th Dynasty (1196-1070 B.C.E.) papyrus that was replicated in the Ptolemaic Period (332-30 B.C.E.) nations that Atum developed alone, placing of the chaos of Nun. He engendered the gods Shu and Tefnut. They created Geb and Nut, who begat Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. These gods processed the Ennead of Heliopolis, joined by Horus or Ra. For this reason Atum was named "the plural of the plural".

In the Old Kingdom period (2575-2134 B.C.E.), Atum was related with the cult of Ra, idolized as Atum-R. He was drawn as a man hard the double crown of Egypt and having a royal scepter and the Ankh. Atum was a work of the deity Ra as the setting sun, and he also come out as a mongoose. The creator of all of the Nile deities, Atum was later connected with cults of Ptah and then Osiris.

God Anhur

God Anhur or (Onuris) was a warrior sky god whose primary cult center was good Abydos. Onuris was much famous with the sky god Shu and was called the "son of Re. His name implied "He Brought Back the Distant One" (an alternative translation is "Sky-Bearer"). This is a mention to the myth in which Shu, as Onuris, thought Tefnut when she ran out to Nubia. Onuris' fit, Mekhit, was oftentimes identified with Tefnut, and both goddesses were represented as lioness-headed women. With Shu's solar connection, deity Onuris went seen as a warrior expression of the sun-deity Re. He was depicted in Egyptian artwork as a bearded, spear-wielding man. He was much shown with his one of both of his arms upraised and made to strike at the enemies of Egypt. Onuris wore an aggrandized robe and a crown with four high plumes.

As a warrior god, he was described with Horus. Onuris was seen as a shielder of the people against foemen, evil spirits and pests. At fetes honoring him, mock battles were staged.

God Anhur gone very modern during the New Kingdom. He was addressed "Savior", and the bad people considered that he was a savior from their human charges. His Egyptian name was "Anhur" and the Greeks addressed him Onuris. The Greeks connected him with their deity of war, Ares. Following the fall of the New Kingdom, he remained very popular. During the Roman Era the Emperor Tiberius was depicted on the walls of Egyptian temples wear the diagnostic four-plumed crown of Onuris.

God Set

God Set an Egyptian God, likewise recorded as Seth, which meant instigator of confusion, he was the son of Geb and Nut and the brother of Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys. The Greeks connected him with Typhon, and Set was regarded as both good and bad. First qualified in Naqada, Set was idolise in the Predynastic Period, in front 3000 B.C.E. In the Osirian tradition he late Osiris, fought Horus, and was labeled by the other gods. Set was exiled to the outer margins of the universe. He was a withstander of Re, however, and he grown the patron of the Hyksos of Avaris. Kom Ombo was a major cult heart of Set as he was given Upper Egypt by Geb and gone black it to Horus. In the pyramid tets he is named both evil and good, going dark during the Third Intermediate Period (1070-712 B.C.E.). In some eras he was assorted with the hitting of Apophis, the wicked serpent that made daily attempts to ruin the deity Re. During the Ramses Period (1307-1070 B.C.E.) he was considered as the god of foreign lands and was purportedly united to the goddess Nephthys. As a love god he was frequently aroused by the use of chants, Amulets, and charms.

He is best knew, nevertheless, for his part in the Osiris cult. Set cold Osiris and set his coffin adrift. When Isis discovered the body and rejuvenated it, Set cut the flesh to parts and hid them. Isis discovered all of Osiris except for his phallus and brought about his resurrection. Horus, the son of Osiris, then set about seeking revenge and Osiris pleaded a type against Set before the gods. Cult centers for Set were located along caravan paths and in the western oases. He was increased to a open deity when King Ramses II (1290-1224 B.C.E.) observed him at the new capital, Pe-Ramses, in the east Delta. In time, the frequent Osirian cult led to the fall of the Set cult. Set had his own observing, a group that fought fake battles with the Followers of Horus at festivals. The Set recommends always lost.

God Tatenen

God Tatenen an ancient earth deity been the primeval pile, Tenen was the symbol for the rich Nile silt that emerged when the river receded after the flood. His name means illustrious Earth. He is presented as a man with 2 plumes and rams horns on his head. Sometimes his skin is painted green, representing his connection with flora. Originating in Memphis, Tenen was soon related with Ptah in his manifestation as a creator deity.

God Sia

God Sia, one of ancient Egyptian gods, was the deification of percept in the Heliopolitan Ennead cosmogeny and is probably equivalent to the intellectual energies of the heart of Ptah in the Memphite cosmogeny. He also had a connexion with writing and was oftentimes shown in anthropomorphic form holding a papyrus scroll. This papyrus was opinion to embody intellectual achievements. It was said that Atum created the two deities Sia and Hu from his blood spilled while cutting his own penis, a possible reference to circumcision.

Sia appeared regular on the Solar barge during its journey over the night in New Kingdom Hades texts and tomb decorations, together with Hu, the "creative utterance," and Heka, the deity of magic. These deities were seen as some powers assisting the creator, and although deity Heka had his individual cult Sia did not.

God Geb

God Geb was one of the key gods of the Ennead, a family of nine deities revered in the city of Heliopolis start in the Early Dynastic Period. According to the Creation myth of this city, Geb's father, Shu, set out Geb from Geb's lover and sister, Nut, the goddess of the sky, and increased her up from his reposing body to form the spheres. In some versions of the myth, Geb's pain over this separation did him to fall on his face and weep profusely, thereby creating the oceans; the flat of his back as he lay prone grown land. Prior to their separation, though, Geb and Nut made 2 sons and 2 daughters, all of whom were divinities: Osiris, Seth, Nephthys, and Isis.

As the father of god Osiris, the Egyptian God of the dead, Geb was finally knew throughout Egypt as a major deity and grown the taken of other myths, one of which supplied the model for royal succession. Geb was said to have held the throne in the divine realm for a time and then went his rule on to his son Osiris, just as human kings gone their crowns on to their sons. Because of his position, many kings of Egypt strongly named with Geb, and in some times and places Egypt's kings were said to be Gebs heirs. Maybe for this reason, Geb was near always showed as having a human form, although in a few works of art he is shown with a goose atop his head. The goose was a source to a myth in which Geb addressed the Great Cackler made a cosmic egg that made the sun.

God Nun

God Nun personating the previous waters out of which issued the creator god. Nun is called father of the gods but this emphasizes only his unrivalled antiquity as an element of the Egyptian in terms of importance he is superseded by the creator sun deity. Nun has a continual existence natural by mythology or results and plays no part in religious rituals, owning no temples or priesthood. When defended on tomb walls or in religeeious papyri, Nuns arms stuff the sun at the twelfth hour of the nighttime into the horizon to begin its journey in the day-boat.

God Mehen

Mehen keeping the bark of Ra

God Mehen was a coiled serpent-deity preservative the boat in which the sun-deity Ra travels over the Hades. His coils envelope the kiosk on the decorate of the boat. The earliest quotation of the deity comes in a Coffin Text of the Middle Kingdom. Certain representation of the coiled one can be found in vignettes of funerary papyri and on the ramparts of tombs in the Valley of the Kings, specially Seti I 19th Dynasty , and Ramses VI 20th Dynasty.

God Shezmu

The grape pressing, closely
linked to the cult of Shesmu,
on the walls of Nakht's tomb

God Shezmu was the Violent god of wine and unguent-oil promotes. Shezmu is a divinity with a double personality who can both present cruelty and provide benefits. These contrasts are apparent as early as the Pyramid Era and coexist down to the Roman period. He is normally envisaged as hominid but in the older period of Egyptian civilization a lion-iconography of this deity goes more popular. In the spell in the Old Kingdom pyramids where the king draws extra divine strength by eating tried deities and powerful beings, it is Shezmu as butcher who issues them up and makes them for the monarch on the evening hearth stones. Also in the Pyramid Texts he brings the king grape juice for wine production. There is evidence from a bowl found near the Step Pyramid that at this clip Shezmu already had a priesthood. By the Middle Kingdom his fad had went well tried in the Faiyum.

From the Coffin Texts there is the living image of an Scheol demon who squeezes out heads like grapeshots and who lassoes sinners for the slaughter-block. A Fantastic Papyrus (Dynasty XXI) describes this vengeful aspect of the wine-press god by display two hawk deities twisting the net of the wine fight which takes three human heads rather of grapes and explains to the Egyptian brain the red beam of the sky after old.

God Ash

God Ash was God of the western Desert of Egypt accepting the breeding oases, and of Tehenu or Libya, first old on sealings from the Early Dynastic Period. Although his dominion is in what the Ancient Egyptians addressed the Red Land (Deshret) as opposed to the crop-bearing silt up of the Black Land (Kemet) marching the River Nile itself, Ash is not an foreigner or a deity of alien origins. He masters the get of the oases in favor of the pharaoh gone archaeology in the Egyptian western Desert has read how the Egyptian monarch savored the prosperity of its senior fertile depressions. Ash also had ties with vineries in the western Egyptian Nile Delta.

His work is normally anthropomorphic as attested, e.g. in a backup from a temple of King Sahura (Dynasty V). He can as well be showed with the head of a hawk. As master of the desert an plain identification was made between Ash and Seth as early as Dynasty II. This connexion was main because Ash, it would seem, was the original god of Ombos in Upper Egypt before the reaching of Seth as its major deity so an epithet of Ash being nebuty or he of Nebut.

God Bes

God Bes was a house god (a deity worshiped primarily at home, as defended to temple ceremonies) connected to childbirth who was first revered in Egypt during the New Kingdom. Egyptologists discord on where Bes might have developed, but Babylonia or Punt (a foreign land that might have been located in Sudan or Ethiopia) seem the most likely nominees. Egyptologists also discord on how Bes came to be linked with childbirth, particularly since the deity was saw as male. The two prevailing theories, however, relate to the deitys appearance. In many depictions, taking on Ptolemaic Period statues and birthing-room wall art, Bes was a hideous, bearded shadow with game legs. Some Egyptologists consider that these disfigurements made Bes a visible internal representation of a pregnant womans worst concerns for her child. Others believe that the god's role was as a guardian whose malformations would frighten devils away from the child about to be born. It does seem that women in labor named on Bes for good luck and that he was saw a kindly deity. He was likewise said to dance with a tambourine to keep evil spirits out, and many young children wore pendants with his likeness to have this same protection.

God Dedun

God Dedun on the left side crowning Tuthmose II

God Dedun was an Egyptian god, lord and giver of cense. To the monarch, Dedun gets the peoples and riches of southwest lands. He was usually portrayed in human guise, but, like Arsnuphis, he could as well assume the form of a lion.

God Dedun was good by King Tuthmosis III (1479-1425 B.C.E.) of the 18th Dynasty, Tuthmosis developed a temple at Semna for the worship of Dedun, apparently designated as a testimonial to pacify the local inhabitants and to establish a resonance with the region. The temple also served as a repository to the troops of the noted Medjay during the conflict with the Asiatics in Egypt Delta.

Pillars of Shu

Pillars of Shu were cosmogonic structures in Egyptian cults, four columns that suffered the heavens, named Pet. The Pillars of Shu stood at all corner of the rectangular organization of heaven and were guarded by the Sons of Horus, ( Imsety, Hapi, Qebehsennuf , and Duamutef). These spiritual beings also cautious the Canopic Jars of the went in graves.