Famous Pharaohs

Sanakhte (2686-2668)

Sanakhte (2686-2668), Sanakhte known as Nebka (in Greek known as Mesochris), was the first pharaoh of the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt (ruled from 2686 to 2668 BC). Sanakhte's name means 'biting protection'. He presumably gained his arrange by matrimony to a daughter of Khasekhemwy, his predecessor as pharaoh; the kingship even at this early episode being accepted down through the female line. While Sanakhte's being is attested by a mastaba tomb and a graffito among other items, his location as the initiator of the Third Dynasty of Ancient Egypt as recorded by Manetho and the Turin Canon Kings List has been acutely undermined by topical archaeological discoveries at Abydos. They ascertain beyond disbelief that it was instead Djoser who helped conceal -- and hence -- follow Khasekhemwy from seals found at the admission to the last's tomb behavior Djoser's name. (see Toby Wilkinson in Early Dynastic Egypt, (1999), p.83 & 95). It appears that Nebka was instead a later king of the Third Dynasty instead. In addition, different Djoser, few leftovers endure from Sanakhte's reign which also casts acute doubts on Manetho and the Turin Canon's traditional amount of an 18 year for this king. It must be stressed that the Turin Canon and Manetho were more than one and two thousand years detached from the time of Egypt's early Third Dynasty and would be estimated to delimit more inaccurate or unreliable facts. The Turin Canon, for command, was transcribed on papyri which dates to the reign of the New Kingdom king Ramses II who ruled Egypt from 1279-1213 BC. A large mastaba near Abydos enclosed fragments attitude his name. It also enclosed gaunt carcass, which may have been that of this king. Manetho credits a king by this name as being a particularly tall man, which is borne out by the ashes that were found.

Huni (2637–2613)

Khaba (2643–2637)

Shepseskaf (2504–2500)

Mastaba of King Shepseskaf

Tutankhamun Mummy

Djoser (2687-2668 BC)

Sneferu (2613-2589 B.C.)

Some chapters from the book of the dead:

Chap. LX.VIII . THE CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY...
Chap. LXVII. THE CHAPTER OF OPENING THE UNDERWORLD...
Chap. LXVI . THE CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY . ...
Chap. LXV B. From the Turin Papyrus
Chap. LXV A. THE CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY AN...
Chap. LXIV . THE CHAPTER OF KNOWING THE "CHAPTERS ...
Chap. LXIV . THE CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY IN...
Chap. LXIV . THE CHAPTER OF COMING FORTH BY DAY IN...
Chap. LXIII B . THE CHAPTER OF NOT BEING SCALDED W...
Chap . LXIII A. THE CHAPTER OF DRINKING WATER AND ...
Chap . LXII . THE CHAPTER OF DRINKING WATER IN THE...
Chap. LXI. THE CHAPTER OF NOT LETTING THE SOUL OF ...
Chap. LX. ANOTHER CHAPTER . From the Turin Papyrus...
Chap. LIX. THE CHAPTER OF SNUFFING THE AIR, AND OF...
Chap. LVIII . THE CHAPTER OF BREATHING THE AIR, AN...
Chap. LVII THE CHAPTER OF SNUFFING THE AIR, AND OF...
Chap. LVI . THE CHAPTER OF SNUFFING THE AIR AMONG ...
Chap. LV. THE CHAPTER OF GIVING AIR IN THE UNDERWO...
Chap. LIV. THE CHAPTER OF GIVING AIR TO THE DECEAS...
Chap. LIII . THE CHAPTER OF NOT EATING FILTH AND O...
Chap. LII . THE CHAPTER OF NOT EATING FILTH IN THE...
Chap . LI . THE CHAPTER OF NOT MARCHING TO BE OVER...
Chap. L B . THE CHAPTER OF NOT ENTERING IN UNTO TH...
Chap. LA. THE CHAPTER OF NOT ENTERING IN UNTO THE ...
Chap . XLIX . See Chapter XI
Chap. XLVIII. See Chapter X
Chap. XLVII. THE; CHAPTER OF NOT ALLOWING THE SEAT...
Chap. XLVII. THE; CHAPTER OF NOT ALLOWING THE SEAT...
Chap. XLVI . TILE CHAPTER OF NOT PERISHING AND OF ...
Chap . XLV. THE CHAPTER OF NOT SUFFERING CORRUPTIO...
Chap. XLIV . THE CHAPTER OF NOT DYING A SECOND TIM...
Chap . XLIII . THE CHAPTER OF NOT LETTING THE IIEA...
Chap . XLII . THE CHAP'T'ER OF DRIVING BACK THE SL...
Chap. XLI . THE CHAPTER OF DRIVING AWAY THE SLAUGH...
Chap. XL. THE CHAPTER OF DRIVING BACK THE EATER OF...
Chap . XXXIX. THE CHAPTER OF DRIVING BACK THE SERP...
Chap . XXXVIII B . THE CHAPTER OF LIVING BY AIR IN...
Chap . XXXVIII A . THE CHAPTER OF LIVING BY AIR IN...
Chap . XXXVII, THE CHAPTER OF DRIVING BACK THE; TW...
Chap. I . HERE BEGIN THE CHAPTERS OF COMING FORTH ...

Mastaba of King Shepseskaf

The tomb is constructed of enormous blocks of limestone also was originally sheathed moment a more useful white Tura limestone casing, with a craft jaunt of titian granite. Remains of restoration texts of Prince Khaemwaset credit been drive on some of the casing blocks. The Mastaba of King Shepseskaf appears to have been built rule two steps and may credit been deliberately conceived to take the habitus of a Buto-type shrine, a lower Egyptian form of fatality which was a vaulted shape dissemble straight ends also which Karl Lepsius important as looking like a giant sarcophagus.

The tomb is entered by a sloping passageway on its northern side, about one again a half metres above ground level besides very alike to a embellish way. This descends about 20m into a gangway originally blocked by three portcullis slabs and leads to the subterranean antechamber, burial foyer and store-rooms. The antechamber and burial lobby both have ceilings constructed as a fabricated vault, like those leverage Menkaures pyramid and both of the chambers were built take cover pink granite. The burial hall contained fragments of Shepseskafs dark basalt sarcophagus, but little amassed. From the antechamber a narrow passage runs to the south and leads to six niches or store-rooms.

Mastaba of King Shepseskaf

The mastaba was enclosed within two mudbrick walls, the first containing Shepseskafs mortuary temple on the eastern side. The small temple seems to swallow been constructed juice two phases, the earlier parts network brilliant with coming mudbrick additions. The older parts of the mortuary temple included a paved courtyard disguise an altar, a T-shaped tribute entry adumbrate a false door and several barracks which were probably magazines. The later mudbrick parts had a upraised courtyard built to the east with niches decorating the inner walls.

Shepseskafs causeway, constructed from white-painted mudbrick, adjoined the mortuary church at the south-eastern corner of the courtyard wall. When built, the crave causeway resembled a vaulted passageway which ought trust led reclusive to the Kings valley temple but this has not yet been discovered.

The burial monument of Shepsekaf continues as a mystery to Egyptologists. It is not clear why this king chose South Saqqara owing to the site of his tomb quite than Giza, or why he chose to construct a mastaba rather than the traditional pyramid. Jequier suggested that this individual form of royal tomb was built as a protest against the increasing relate of the priesthood of the sun-god Re the amplify form was considered now a sun symbol. As additional trot out to his theory he also points outward that Shepseskaf did not use the matter Re string his advance. Or perhaps it was simply that Giza had no appropriate berth because fresh pyramid again the kaiser therefore chose to site his tomb near Dashur where his ancestor Snefru, the founder of Dynasty IV was buried. Shepseskaf reigned for only around four years further was perhaps also limited by economic factors hold a time which may utterly have been unstable, choosing to construct a provisional obelisk which may have been later distinct to become a larger exit or pyramid.

Previous Posts:

* Shepseskaf (2504–2500)
* Archaic Period (3032-02707 BC)
* The Old Kingdom (2707-2170 BC)
* Middle Kingdom (2119-1793 BC)
* New Kingdom (1550-1070 BC)
* The Predynastic Period
* Djoser (2687-2668 BC)
* Khufu
* Khafra (2558 - 2532 B.C.)

Some Chapters from the book of the dead:

Akhenaten and Nefertiti

The Rising of Akhenaten to the throne marked the starting of the most intriguing and controversial geological era of Egyptian history. Akhenaten had been crowned as co-regent pharaoh leastways eight years before his fathers death, but at the starting of his reign he rapidly set about applying his radical religious views. Akhenaten's grandfather (Thutmosis IV), had already hinted at a new emphasis on the adoration of the sun disc Aten, and his father had nurtured this by working the cult of the sun. Akhenaten came right out into the open and stated his fidelity to God Aten in orientation to all other Egyptian deities, though he did not instantly condemn the revere of God Amun.

The reigns of Akhenaten and Nefertiti swept only 17 years from 1352 to 1336 B.C.E. Even Akhenatens artists raised the palace, tombs, and temples with many prospects of music making. This brief period seen a dramatic change in Egyptian religion. Akhenaten collapsed the worship of Amun, the King of the Gods, and replaced the god Aten, the physical disk of the sun. He involved Amuns temples and moved the royal court from homes in Thebes and Memphis to a new metropolis at the site of Tell El-Amarna. Thus this period is named the Amarna Period and takes the reign of Tutankhamun, who reinstated the religion of Amun and taken back the royal court to Thebes. The richness and variety of the scenes of music-making establish some key styles in music in this time. Many prospects show Akhenatens six daughters taking on the sistrum and menattwo sacred rattles used in worship proposing that the royal daughters had a marked role in the musical life of Atens cult. Likewise, the presence of foreign musicians at court in draughts demonstrates the wide nature of Akhenatens reign. The outside musicians may have attended foreign wives to court, though the demonstrate that Nefertiti, his primary wife, was a foreigner is not determinate.

During the Amarna Time Period the royal daughters and the queen played the sistrum for the Aten instead than Goddess Hathor. Though Hathor had been the essential deity assorted with sistrum playing in conventional Egyptian religion, her worship was not applied during the Amarna Period. Thus the two sistra determined in the tomb of Tutankhamun and the sistrum described on a block from an Amarna constructing miss the normal decoration with Hathors head. Rather than the sistra from this period have easy handles shaped like papyrus plants. The rattle disks themselves are housed on snake-shaped poles. Perhaps the sound of the sistrum was connected with the cobra who protects the royal family.

Related Pages:

Some Chapters of the Book of the died:

Akhenaten Tomb (KV55)

Of all the royal mummies always discovered none has ever stimulated more controversy then the one found in Akhenaten Tomb (KV55) in the Valley of the Kings.

At the starting of the 20th Century, Theodore Davis, a wealthy American digging in Egypt, discovered a tomb in which a burial from the Amarna time period had been reinterred. This tomb was distinctly incomplete, and the burial a quick one. Gilded wooden inlay panels on the floor and against the wall. They endured the damaged image of Akhenaten idolizing the sun disc and the name of Queen Tiy.

In a niche were four pretty alabaster jars that taken the internal organs of the mummies. Dwelling on the floor was a badly weakened but beautiful coffin made with thousands of spread in-lays and semi-precious rocks in the shape of particular wings. The cartouches containing the residents name had been chopped out.

When they opened the coffin they discovered a mummy covered in gold-leaf. But as they referred the mummy it collapsed to dust leaving the shovels with a pile of disjointed bones at the bottom of the coffin. But below the skeleton, the last plane of gold, appeared to have the riddled named of Akhenaten written on it. The hip was wide alike a female's. The head was extended.

What actually became of Akhenaten's mummy still stays a mystery. Fragments of sculpture and cutting from the royal tomb at Akhetaten presents that his body was primitively put there, but no mark of the mummy remains. It is potential that followers of the Aten dreaded for it's destruction, which would refuse him extended life, and moved the body to a place of refuge.

Akhenaten is maybe unfairly not accredited with being a particularly prosperous Pharaoh. Records seem to show that he allowed Egyptian determine wane but this may not be right. These ideas are placed on the famous Amarna Tabletsfound in Akhetaten in some of which Egyptian liege cities plead for assistance, but no replies|responses are preserved.

As there is no living record of Egyptian territory being lost at this period it is possible that Akhenaten was merely skilfully playing one city against the other to accomplish through diplomacy what would otherwise demand military force.

Akhenaten Family

Queen Nefertiti is frequently mentioned to in history as "The Most Pretty Woman in the World." The Berlin bust seen from two dissimilar angles, is indeed, the most identified depiction of Queen Nefertiti. Assured in the workshop of the notable sculptor Thutmose, the bust is thought to be a sculptor's model. The technique which starts with a carved part of limestone, claims the stone core to be first plastered and then richly substitute. Flesh steps on the front give the bust life.

Her full lips are raised by a bold red. Although the crystal inlay is wasted from her left eye, both eyelids and brows are sharp in black. Her graceful extended neck balances the tall, flat-top crown which clothes her sleek head. The bright colors of the her necklace and crown demarcation the yellow-brown of her easy skin. While everything is etched to perfection, the one fault of the part is a broken left ear. Because this important sculpture is still in creation, it is no wonder why Nefertiti stays "The Most Pretty Woman in the World."

Nefertiti's roots are confusing. It has been proposed to me that Tiy was as well her mother. Another proposition is that Nefertiti was Akhenaten's cousin. Her strong nurse was the wife of the vizier Ay, who could have been Tiy's brother. Ay sometimes called himself "the God's father," suggesting that he might have been Akhenaten's father-in-law. Yet Ay never specifically mentions to himself as the father of Nefertiti, although there are mentions that Nefertiti's sister, Mutnojme, is marked prominently in the ornamentations of the tomb of Ay. We will never acknowledge the truth of this bloodline. Maybe they didn't know either.

This enshrine stela also from the early section of the Amarna period depicts Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and Princesses Meretaten, Mekeaten, and Ankhesenpaaten revering the Aten as a family. Dorothea Arnold in her article "Prospects of the Royal Female Image during the Amarna Time Period" discusses the superfluity of reliefs showing intimate family moments. While Akhenaten tips forward to give Meretaten a kiss, Mekeaten works on her mother's lap and regards up lovingly.

At the very time Ankhesenpaaten, the lowest, sits on Nefertiti's shoulder and plays with her earring. Arnold takes that the shrine stela "concerns to the Aten religion's concept of conception" in which the King and Queen are seen as "a earlier 'first pair." At the top of the piece, the sun-god, Aten, described by a advanced circle, extends his life-giving rays to the Royal Family. The relief uses the concept of the "window of appearances" or a shot of life. The forms are framed by a base structure which proposes the form of a square window. Aldred in his book Egyptian Art names this "a brief moment in the lives of five beings as they are caught in an act of mutual affection". In actuality, the crowned palace at Akhetaten had a window from which the royal pair could determine the city and address their matters.

It is recognized that Akhenaten and Nefertiti had 6 daughters. No son was ever presented in rests.

The names of the daughters were:

- Meritaten (about 1349 BC)
- Neferneferure and Setepenre (about1338).
- Neferneferuaten (about 1339 BC)
- Meketaten and Ankhenspaaten (about 1346 BC)

In 1337 BC the recognized family, with all Nefertiti's daughters was presented for the close time.

In 1336 BC Meketaten died in accouchement.

In 1335 Nefertiti appeared to vanish, taken dead.

This limestone rest found in the Royal Tomb at Amarna pictures Akhenaten, Nefertiti, and 2 of their daughters making an proposing to the sun-disk Aten. Akhenaten and Nefertiti hold flowers to be laid on the table below the "life-giving" beams of the Aten. The figures are etched in the other style, a feature of the early half of the Amarna period. Nefertiti, sporting the double hook headdress mentioned in the stela loyalty, is the small figure placed behind her larger plate husband. The compostion mirrors early cosmetic agencies of the royal couple. To emphasize the posture and power of the pharaoh, Egyptian iconographical custom required the female realize to be smaller in plate than the male.

Related Pages:

List of Hieroglyphic Signs

Hieroglyphic Language

25- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Line Characters...
24- Hieroglyphic Signs: Musical Instruments, Writi...
23- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Offerings
22- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Vessels
21- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Cordwork, Netwo...
20- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Tools, etc.
19- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Arms and Armour...
18- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Clothing, etc.
17- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Temple Furnitur...
16- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Seats, Tables, ...
15- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Ships and Parts...
14- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Buildings
13- Hieroglyphic Signs: Heaven, Earth and Water
12- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Trees and Plant...
11- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Insects
10- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Fish
9- Hieroglyphic Signs: Amphibious Animals
8- Hieroglyphic Signs: Parts of Birds
7- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Birds
6- Hieroglyphic Signs: Members of Animals
5- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Animals
4- Hieroglyphic Signs: Members of the Body
3- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Gods and Goddess...
2- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Women
1- Hieroglyphic Signs: Figures of Men

Akhenaten Capital

To make a full break, the king and his queen, departed Thebes behind and went to a new capital in Middle Egypt, about 180 miles northern of Thebes half way between Thebes and Memphis.

It was a new site, not previously gave to any other god or goddess, and he called it Akhetaten (The Horizon of the Aten). Nowadays the site is known as (Amarna). In Principle he was an cult leader taking his pursuing into the mountains and desert to construct a new paradise. Akhenaten constituted his new religion by constructing an entire city given to Aten full with a necropolis and royal tomb. Around 1346 BC work started on this new city constructed in middle Egypt, on a site believed to have been selected as it was not tainted by the worship of the other deities. About 1344 BC the central division of Akhetaten was accomplished. Nefertiti's marked role in Egyptian royal rule and religious worship ponders her influence in the public area. During the early years of her royal rule, Nefertiti as part of her religious changeover changed her name. Nefertiti which intends (The beautiful one is come) became Neferneferuaten-Nefertiti or (The Aten is radiant of radiance because the beautiful one is come". A dissimilar interpretation of the name exchange, translated Neferneferuaten to mean--"Perfect One of the Aten's Idol". Pursuing his wife's lead, Amenhotep IV converted his name in the fifth year of his reign to Akhenaten. During 1342 BC the seat of government was transmitted to Akhetaten. The Armana:

Around El-Amarna

In its completed state Armana provided a theatrical setting for keeping Akhenaten's kingship. The city straggled for miles over the plain. There were smooth palaces, statues of the King, good housing throughout the city, a royal route that ran through the middle of town, likely the biggest street in the ancient world. It was designed for chariot advances, with Akhenaten taking the way. Crossing the road, a bridge joined the palace with the temple field. Akhnaton and Nefertiti seemed before the people on the balcony notable as the "window of appearing", tossing downgold graces and other gifts.

Why Akhenaten Moved The Capital

Tutankhamun Tomb (KV62)

Tutankhamun Mummy

Khufu Facts

Thutmose III Facts

Tutankhamun Facts

The Twelfth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
The Pyramid of Sobekneferu
Sobekneferu (1787-1783)
Amenemhat IV and Moses
Pyramid of Amenemhat IV
Amenemhat IV (1799-1787)
Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Hawara
Temple of Amenemhat III at Medinet Madi
Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dashur (The Black Pyrm...
Buildling of Amenemhat III
Amenemhat III (1844-1797)
Tomb of Amenmeht I at Beni Hassan
Pyramid of Amenemhat I
Amenemhat I (1991-1962)
The Armant Relief of Montuhotep III
Montuhotep III (2010-1998)
Army of Montuhotep II
Temple of Montuhotep II
The statue of Mentuhotep II
Montuhotep II (2061-2010)

Why Akhenaten Moved The Capital

At the storm of the Egyptians, Akhenaten collapsed the Egyptian god Amun in favor of another god, the Aten or (sun disk). Akhenaten and his religious reforms thought the sun deserved its own complete blown cult. His conclusion shocked the influential army of Amun revering priests. They anticipated their pharaoh to worship Amun, god of fertility and creation higher up all other gods.

Five years into his rule, pharaoh Akhenaten loosed another shockwave. Thebes, he declared, was too closely connected to Amun and unsuitable for the Aten. The sun disk required its own holy city. After scrubbing the length of the Nile, he came upon a place in the middle of Egypt. This location was precisely half way between Thebes and Memphis, around 170 miles from each of the two cities.

The shores where Akhenaten downed were in a part now called Amarna. It was waste and further, but it was still where King Akhenaten determined to establish his new capital. The king gave his reasons in writing, and they can still be read today on top of the cliffs overlooking the city. A symbol of the Aten has been etched into the rock as a limit maker.

In Egyptian notion, the horizon where the sun raised was called the Aket and was symbolized by two mountain tips with the sun disk rising between them. The hills that border the Amarna plane are suddenly disturbed by a break in the cliffs, a sight to behold particularly at dawn. The king must have believed hed found the sacred birth position of the sun god. He called his city Aketaten, horizon of the sun disk. Akhenaten challenging Thutmosis his greatest artist and favorite carver, with the job of turning his dream into realism.

Notes:

Akhenaten traveled the capital away from Thebes, and a new city was constructed as the new capital of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, consecrated to his new religion of worship to the Aten. Aten or Aton was the disk of the sun in ancient Egypt mythology, and primitively an aspect of god Ra. This religious reformation seems to have started with his decision to observe a Sed festival in his third regnal year a highly different step, since a Sed-festival, a kind of royal jubilee involved to reinforce the Pharaoh's divine powers of kingship, was traditionally contained the thirtieth year of Akhenaten's reign.

Year eight determined the beginning of building on his new capital, Akhetaten ("Horizon of Aten"), at the situation known today as Amarna. In the very year, Amenhotep IV officially converted his name to Akhenaten (Capable Spirit of Aten) as prove of his shifting religious view. Very shortly afterward he centralized Egyptian religious patterns in Akhetaten, though construction of the city appears to have continued for some more years.

Previous Posts:

Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)
Queen Nefertiti
Tutankhamun Facts
Turin Kings List
Tutankhamun (1334-1325 B.C.)

Napata
Magas
Kama
Abaton
Naos
Kameni
Scorpion Macehead
Abar
Kamose
Naneferkaptah
Kalabsha
Narmer Macehead
Ab
Kai
Nubians
Kahun Papyrus
Macehead
Aazehre
Kagemni
Names in Ancient Egypt
Maat kheru
Battle of Kadesh
Kadesh
Aata
Nakhtmin (Prince)
Justinian (482-565 AD)
Maatkare V
Jubilee Festival
Aat

Tutankhamun Facts

Tutankhamun (King Tut) is likely the most famous of all the Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, even so he was a short lived and fairly light ruler during a transitional period in history. Little was known of Tutankhamun anterior to Howard Carters methodical detective work, but the discovery of his tomb and the amazing contents it held finally ensured this boy king of the Immortality he desired. It is thought that Akhenaten and a lesser wife called Kiya were the parents of Tutankhaten, as Tutankhamun was famous at first. Shortly after the deaths of Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, Tutankhaten got a Boy King at the age of about 9. He married a slimly older Ankhesenpaaten, one of the daughters of King Akhenaten and Nefertiti. After the expelling of the Aten power base they changed their titles to Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun to meditate the return to favour of the Amun hierarchy. Payable to his young age, Tutankhamun would not have been true for the real decision making.

This would have been covered by two high officials, Ay perhaps the father of Nefertiti) and Horemheb, commander-in-chief of the regular army. Sometime about the ninth year of the reign of Tutankhamun, maybe 1325 B.C., he died. There is evidence of an wound to the skull that had time to partly cure. He may have suffered an accident, such as dropping from his horse-drawn chariot, or possibly he was murdered. No one acknowledges. Ay supervised Tutankhamun's burial arrangements which endured 70 days. Expected to Tutankhamun having no successors, Ay became Pharaoh and took Ankhesenamun as his queen to legalized his rule. What occurred to her after that is not known. Ay reigned for only four years and after his death Horemheb caught power. He soon obliterated prove of the reigns of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun and Ay and exchanged his own name on many monuments.

Thutmose III Facts

Khufu Facts

Khufu Biography

Queen Hatshepsut

Horemhab 1321–1293

Ay 1325–1321

Queen Ankhesenamun

Malkata
Tomb of Kheruef (TT192)
Tomb of Khaemhat (TT57)
Temple of Amenhotep III
King Amenhotep III (1382-1344)
Tomb of Nakht (TT52)
Tomb of Menna (TT69)
Tomb of Yuya and Thuya
Tomb of Tuthmosis IV (KV43)
King Tuthmosis IV (1419-1386)
Tomb of Userhat
Tomb of Sennofer
Tomb of Amenhotep II
King Amenhotep II (1437-1392)
Alabaster Sphinx at Memphis
Queen Hatshepsut (1473-1458)
Tomb of Khonsu
Tomb of Tuthmosis III (KV34)
Tomb of Rekhmire
Obelisk of Thutmosis III (Lateran obelisk)
Obelisk of Thutmosis III (Obelisk of Theodosius)
Hymn of Victory of Tuthmosis III
The Instructions of Tuthmosis III to His Vizier
The Nubian Annals of Tuthmosis III
The Military Campaigns of Tuthmosis III
King Tuthmosis III (1504-1450)
King Tuthmosis II (1491-1479)
Tomb of Ineni (TT81)
Ineni
Tomb of Tuthmosis I (KV38)
King Tuthmosis I (1493-1481)
Tomb of Amenhotep I (KV39)
King Amenhotep I (1514-1493)
The Pyramid of Ahmose
Kings of The Eighteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
King Ahmose (1514-1493)

The Golden Throne of Tutankhamun

The golden throne of Tutankhamun that Howard Carter discovered in the Antechamber beneath the hippopotamus couch is alike to the chair belonging to Sitamun. The style was common for royal chairs of the Eighteenth Dynasty. Rather of female torsos starting from the seat, however, the more established lions are in their place. Carved of wood, the armchair is extended in gold, and there is some silver overlay also. Calcite, Colored glass, faience and semi-precious stones are used for the inlays.

The etched plant motif between the feline-form legs has been taken by the robbers, but the good openwork design of the arms stays intact. On either side, a quick cobra wears the double crown and remains on a basket. Her outstretched wings put in the hieroglyphs for the "king of Upper and Lower Egypt" came by the sign for infinity (shen). A cartouche of the king is at the end of her wings on either face of the chair.

The Golden Throne of Tutankhamun

The back of the chair is endured by three vertical struts; the outer two are sliced with the king's Aton name, the middle one with that of the queen. Four hooded cobra with solar discs rise up in pairs between all of the supports. A carved and gilded scene with birds in a thicket appears on the outer rise of the back of the seat. In the triangular opening processed between the diagonal of the back and the vertical sustain on each side is a hooded cobra. The one on the left tires the red crown of Lower Egypt, meanwhile the one on the right has the white crown of Upper Egypt.

The iconography concerns to Atonist doctrines, but the calls of the king and queen looking on the chair use both the earlier (Aton) and afterward (Amun) forms. Such a combination indicate that the chair was likely produced rather early in Tutankhamun's reign, during the time period of transition to the orthodox religion.

Related Posts:

Tutankhamun Jewelry
Tutankhamun Mummy
Tutankhamun Tomb (KV62)
Howard Carter
Leopard Head in Tutankhamun Tomb
Tutankhamun Mask
Tutankhamun's Death
Tutankhamun Exhibition
Tutankhamun's Life
Tutankhamuns Children
Tutankhamun (1334-1325 B.C.)

Malkata
Tomb of Kheruef (TT192)
Tomb of Khaemhat (TT57)
Temple of Amenhotep III
King Amenhotep III (1382-1344)
Tomb of Nakht (TT52)
Tomb of Menna (TT69)
Tomb of Yuya and Thuya
Tomb of Tuthmosis IV (KV43)
King Tuthmosis IV (1419-1386)
Tomb of Userhat
Tomb of Sennofer
Tomb of Amenhotep II
King Amenhotep II (1437-1392)
Alabaster Sphinx at Memphis
Queen Hatshepsut (1473-1458)
Tomb of Khonsu
Tomb of Tuthmosis III (KV34)
Tomb of Rekhmire
Obelisk of Thutmosis III (Lateran obelisk)
Obelisk of Thutmosis III (Obelisk of Theodosius)
Hymn of Victory of Tuthmosis III

Sanakhte (2686-2668)

Mastaba of King Shepseskaf

Akhenaten and Nefertiti

Akhenaten Tomb (KV55)

Akhenaten Family

Akhenaten Capital

Why Akhenaten Moved The Capital

Tutankhamun Facts

The Golden Throne of Tutankhamun

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